Expansion: Big Bang or Stretching? 6
Speeding Galaxies. A similar observation can be made about tight
clusters of galaxies. Galaxies in clusters are traveling much faster
than they should, based on their distances from their clusters=92
centers of mass.
Distant Galaxies. Massive galaxies and galaxy clusters are now found
at such great distances that they must have formed soon after the
universe began. The big bang theory cannot explain how such galaxy
concentrations could have formed so quickly and so far away (9). The
stretching explanation says that galaxies and galaxy clusters began
before the heavens were stretched out, when all matter was relatively
confined.
Dwarf Galaxy. A vast hydrogen disk surrounds the dwarf galaxy, UGC
5288. This isolated galaxy, 16 million light-years from earth,
contains about 100,000 stars and is 1/25 the diameter of our Milky Way
Galaxy, which has at least 100,000,000,000 stars. The dwarf=92s mass is
about 30 times too small to gravitationally hold onto the most distant
hydrogen gas, so gravity could not have pulled the distant hydrogen
gas into its disk. Because the gas is too evenly distributed and
rotates so smoothly, it was not expelled from the galaxy or pulled out
by a close encounter with another galaxy.
Hydrogen gas would have assumed this shape if space was once more
compact and later was stretched out. Before the stretching,
gravitational forces would have been much more powerful, thereby
producing this smooth rotational pattern. This would have occurred
recently, because the gaseous disk has not dispersed into the vacuum
of space.
9. =93The discovery of massive, evolved galaxies at much greater
distances than expected=97and hence at earlier times in the history of
the Universe=97is a challenge to our understanding of how galaxies
form.=94 Gregory D. Wirth, =93Old Before Their Time,=94 Nature, Vol. 430,
8
July 2004, p. 149.
A. Cimatti et al., =93Old Galaxies in the Young Universe,=94 Nature, Vol.
430, 8 July 2004, p. 184.
David ****ga, =93Nursery Pictures,=94 Science News, Vol. 167, 5 March 2005,
pp. 148=96149.
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