UNITE! Info #018en-rep: China on world situation, 1976
[Posted: 11.01.2008]
Note: The "UNITE! (etc) Info" posting series (1995-) advocates the
political
line of Marx, Lenin and Mao Zedong. For all items, see
www.rolf-martens.com.
INTRO NOTE (2008):
Here's a html version of Info #018en, which was first posted to newsgroups
etc
in text do***ent form in 3 parts on 04.10.1996.
It contains the im****tant "line speech" at the UN on 05.10.1976 by China's
then
foreign minister Qiao Guanhua (Chiao Kuan-hua).
I'm making this html version firstly in order to present this speech in a
more
easily readable form, and secondly for contributing it, then without my
own
notes, to the Marxists Internet Archive, which is planning to expand its
section with do***ents from formerly socialist China.
[Marxists Internet Archive: http://www.marxists.org/]
On the Internet there already is a kind of html version of my Info #018en,
made
by someone at http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/55/851.html
after I
reposted
it to some newsgroups on 03.06.2002. Its headline says that it's part 1/3
of
that Info but in reality it's almost the whole of it, only with part 2/3
and
part 3/3 in reverse order. Checking it out and also comparing my Info
#018en
again with the original source, the Peking Review No. 42/1976, I've found
now
that I made that rather serious error, in that Info, of leaving out an
entire
paragraph, concerning Korea, which should have been included in its part
1/3.
This, and some other and smaller errors in the original Info #018en, I'm
repairing in the below.
It may be noted that the overall *****sment, in this speech, of the
situation
in the world closely was corresponded by that in the article by the
chairman of
the then still revolutionary KPD/ML (NEUE EINHEIT) in Germany, Klaus
Sender
(Hartmut Dicke), of November 1973, "The International Situation, Europe
and the
Position of the Marxist-Leninist Parties". That article I've recently
brought
in html form too, in Info #041en-rep of 05.01.2008.
When Qiao Guanhua held this speech, the Chinese leader****p was still
upholding
the brilliantly correct line of Mao Zedong, who recently had passed away,
on
09.09.1976. The very next day after it, on 06.10.1976, all the members of
the
reactionary phony"left" "Gang of Four", who had tried to usurp Party and
state
leader****p in China, were arrested, in an action that was made public in
the
most im****tant newspapers in China on 25.10.1976.
That big blow against the 4-gang was in itself a great victory for the
people
in China, who joyfully greeted it too. It took place, im****tantly, under
the
cir***stances that the then leader****p of the Communist Party of China
under
Hua Guofeng, whom Mao Zedong in February 1976 had proposed for the post of
CPC
First Vice Chairman and thus in practice as his own successor, continued
the
criticism also against that other deviation in the CPC, the
openly-rightist one
represented by Deng Xiaoping, who had been dismissed from all his posts in
April 1976.
Only a few weeks after that big blow however, from a point in November
1976 on,
the likewise necessary criticism against Deng Xiaoping's line was stricken
and
the group of Hua Guofeng, who broke his word and turned traitor, started
to
coalesce with Deng Xiaoping's rightist one. Together they from then on
twisted
the criticism and the attacks against the 4-gang's phony"left" line into
such
against the correct one of Mao Zedong, and in the time up to approximately
late
1978 turned the CPC from a Marxist-Leninist party into a revisionist one,
and
overthrew socialism in China. In the meantime, Hua Guofeng had been edged
out
completely by Deng Xiaoping, who was "rehabilitated" in a wrong manner in
July
1977 and in the ensuing years got to be China's revisionist "strongman"
and
dictator.
One of the murky events of that time when revisionism started getting into
power in China was that the foreign minister, Qiao Guanhua, whose speeches
at
the UN General Assembly meetings in the autumns of 1974, 1975 and 1976 had
been
very good, suddenly was made to disappear from view and in November 1976
was
replaced, without a word said publicly about why. This was away of acting
precisely typical of revisionist ruling parties, in the already infamous
style
of the Soviet revisionists, for instance.
I mentioned this in Info #270en, of 05.02.2007. In that rather long Info,
the
whole series of events in the, for China, cataclysmic year of 1976 was
described and analysed too, largely on the basis of the excellent analyses
of
this by the then still Marxist-Leninist party in Germany, the "NE", from
1976-78, which were reproduced in Info #270en, but also with some
additional
information and some later developed analysis by myself. Concerning what
did
take place, politically, in China in 1976, that Info #270en of mine has
the
best account which there is, so far, in my own judgment and to the best of
my
knowledge.
INTRO NOTE (1996):
Mao Zedong's correct analysis of the situation in the world more than 20
years
ago still is im****tant to the Marxist-Leninists today. Today this
situation in
some ways is a different one, but basic traits still remain. The
principles
advocated and adhered to by the Chinese communists led by Mao Zedong also
are
very im****tant for the revolutionaries, even though today there is no
socialist
state in the world.
I've earlier posted three Info items wholly or in part on this subject.
The
speech I reproduce here gives a more complete picture, in certain
respects, of
Chairman Mao's analysis - which at that time, shortly after his death,
still
was being adhered to by China. (Socialism was overthrown in China between
[late] 1976 and 1978.)
Earlier postings wholly or in part on the same subject (which I'll mail to
anyone on request) have been:
"UNITE! Info #3en: '94 art. on Mao, RIM, US, PCP" (3 parts, 01.01.96)
[added in 2008: see html version #003en],
"UNITE! Info #11en: China on three worlds, 1974" (2 parts, 27.05.96)
[added in 2008: see part 1/2 and part 2/2] and
"UNITE! Info #13en: CPC 10th Congress 1973, I." (4 parts, 10.07.96)
[added in 2008: see part 1/4 etc, and there is also an html version of the
entire do***ents at
http://www.etext.org/Politics/MIM/classics/mao/cpc/10cong.html].
Today, the imperialists and various revisionist and op****tunist forces
since a
long time back have been suppressing information on Mao Zedong's correct
analysis and socialist China's genuinely internationalist, genuinely
proletarian revolutionary and extremely successful foreign policy which
was
based on that analysis, and/or have been putting forward vile distortions
of
it.
One instance of the latter is the so-called "Declaration of the RIM", of
1984,
which even today most unfortunately is being peddled internationally by
adherents of one comparatively im****tant party in the world, the PC of
Peru, as
"Chairman Mao's line", which it in reality not only distorts but also
openly
attacks and which has never been correctly understood by that party, the
PCP,
though it styles itself a "Maoist" party and an "advanced" one at that.
This
has been repeatedly pointed out, demonstrated and criticized by me, in the
abovementioned "Info #3en" and other postings and publications, so far,
I'm
sorry to say, without the comrades concerned (those whom I've been able to
reach) having in the least shown that they realize their serious error.
Criticism thus must continue, and be complemented with further
information.
Below is reproduced the "line-speech" of socialist China at the UN General
Assembly in October 1976, held by its then Foreign Minister Qiao Guanhua
(Chiao
Kuan-hua). Source: Peking Review No. 42 / 1976, pp 12-15.
End of Intro Note
T H E C H I N E S E G O V E R N M E N T W I L L C O N T I N U E
T O
C A R R Y
O U T R E S O L U T E L Y C H A I R M A N M A O ' S R E V O L U T
I O N
A R Y
L I N E A N D P O L I C I E S I N F O R E I G N A F F A I R S
- Speech by Chairman of the Chinese Delegation Chiao Kuan-hua
At the U.N. General Assembly Session
The 31st Session of the United Nations General Assembly opened on
September 21
in New York. Chiao Kuan-hua, Chairman of the Delegation of the People's
Republic of China and Minister of Foreign Affairs, made a speech at the
plenary
meeting on the morning of October 5. Following is the full text of the
speech.
Mr. President,
We, the Delegation of the People's Republic of China have come to attend
the
present session of the United Nations General Assembly today at a time of
immense grief for the people of all nationalities in China. Chairman Mao
Tsetung, the most esteemed and beloved great leader and teacher of the
Chinese
people, passed away on September 9.
The passing of Chairman Mao Tsetung is a loss beyond measure to the 800
million
Chinese people. But for Chairman Mao, there would have been no victory of
the
Chinese revolution. But for Chairman Mao, there would have been no New
China of
today. Without the victory of the Chinese revolution under the leader****p
of
Chairman Mao, the world would not have changed as vastly as it has.
The extremely sorrow-stricken Chinese people are determined to turn grief
into
strength, carry out Chairman Mao's behests and carry through to the end
the
cause of the proletarian revolution in China which Chairman Mao pioneered.
The
Chinese people's revolutionary cause has worthy successors. Chairman Mao
Tsetung has left us forever, but the magnificent contributions he made in
revolutionary theory and practice are immortal. The radiance of Mao
Tsetung
Thought will always illuminate our road of advance.
Here I wish to express once again on behalf of the Chinese Government and
people our deep gratitude to the representatives of many countries who
have
tendered condolences on the passing away of Chairman Mao Tsetung at
various
meetings of the United Nations.
Chairman Mao Tsetung drew a whole series of profound conclusions on the
contem****ary international situation. The complete correctness of these
conclusions is being more and more corroborated by the developing
situation.
Back in the early 60s, Chairman Mao Tsetung vividly ****trayed the
contem****ary
world situation in these verses:
"The Four Seas are rising, clouds and waters raging.
The Five Continents are rocking, wind and thunder roaring."
The world situation has been in a state of great turmoil. All the
political
forces in the world have undergone drastic division and realignment as a
result
of prolonged contests of strength and struggles. On the one hand, there is
the
rise of the third world; on the other hand, there is the rivalry for
hegemony
between the two superpowers - the Soviet Union and the United States.
Countries
want independence, nations want liberation, and the people want revolution
-
this has become an irresistible trend of history.
Looking around the globe, one cannot find a single place of tranquility.
The
wind sweeping through the tower heralds a rising storm in the mountains.
The
factors for both revolution and war are increasing. As Chairman Mao
Tsetung
pointed out, the current international situation is characterized by great
disorder under heaven, and it is excellent.
This great disorder is a good thing and not a bad thing for the people. It
throws the enemies into disarray and divides them, while awakening and
tempering the people, thus pu****ng the international situation to develop
further in a direction favourable to the people and unfavourable to
imperialism
and social-imperialism.
Making a penetrating analysis of all the basic contradictions of our time
and
the division and realignment of all the political forces in the world,
Chairman
Mao Tsetung advanced his great strategic concept of the three worlds. He
pointed out: The United States and the Soviet Union make up the first
world;
the developing countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America and elsewhere
constitute the third world; and in between the two is the second world
composed
of Europe, Japan, Canada and other countries.
Lenin once said: Imperialism is the progressing oppression of the nations
of
the world by a handful of great powers; it is an epoch of wars among these
powers for the extension and consolidation of national oppression. At
present,
the Soviet Union and the United States, the two superpowers constituting
the
first world, are the biggest international oppressors and exploiters of
our
time and they are the source of a new world war.
While the developed countries of the second world oppress and exploit
third
world countries, they themselves are at the same time subjected to
superpower
oppression, exploitation, control or threat. The numerous third world
countries
are the most heavily oppressed and exploited by colonialism and
imperialism;
they are the main force in the fight against imperialism, and particularly
against superpower hegemonism.
Chairman Mao Tsetung pointed out: Who are our enemies? Who are our
friends?
This is a question of the first im****tance for the revolution. Chairman
Mao's
concept of the three worlds provides orientation for the workers and
oppressed
nations and oppressed peoples of the world in their fight in the realm of
international class struggle.
In the past year, the struggle against colonialism, imperialism and
hegemonism
waged by the people of the third world has made great progress, though it
suffered tem****ary setbacks in individual places. They have further
awakened
and have strengthened their unity in struggle. The heroic people of Egypt,
unable to bear social-imperialist bullying and oppression any longer,
resolutely abrogated the Egyptian-Soviet treaty. The Fifth Summit
Conference of
the Non-Aligned Countries withstood outside pressure and maintained the
position of opposing imperialism, and in particular superpower hegemonism.
The people of Asia, Africa and Latin America have come to see more and
more
clearly the true colours of social-imperialism. The great African people
are
now launching an offensive on barbarous racism, and the handful of
colonialists
have been cornered in southern Africa. The situation there is complicated
owing
to the meddling of the two superpowers. But the long-tempered African
people
are clear-headed. They do not believe the nice words of imperialism and
social-imperialism nor are they intimidated by their bluster. They will
surely
win liberation by relying on their own armed struggle, strengthening their
unity and persisting in this course. Chairman Mao Tsetung said: The evil
system
of colonialism arose and throve with the enslavement of Negroes and the
trade
in Negroes, and it will surely come to its end with the complete
emancipation
of the black people. The future of Africa is infinitely bright.
Strategically, Europe is the focus of contention between the Soviet Union
and
the United States for world hegemony. The so-called "European security
conference" was in fact a "European insecurity conference". There are
always
some people in the West who want to urge social-imperialism eastward and
divert
this peril towards China, thinking it best if all is quiet in the West.
The
"European security conference" reflected such a Munich line of thinking.
After
the conference concluded last year, these people thought that henceforth
there
would be peace and tranquility in Europe.
But since that conference the military threat posed by the Soviet Union
against
Western Europe and its political subversion there have been on the
increase,
and Europe is not more secure but in greater danger. The desire of the
European
people for peace is understandable. But the Soviet Union has played up the
"European security conference" with ulterior motives. It attempts thereby
to
put Western Europe off guard, divide and crush it piecemeal and ultimately
seize the whole of Western Europe.
The fact that strategically Europe is the focus of contention between the
two
hegemonic powers, the Soviet Union and the United States, is determined by
their fundamental interests. Some people take the lead in appeasing and
making
concessions to the expansionists, attempting to ****ft this strategic focus
by
recognizing their sphere of influence and giving them small favours.
But such an attempt cannot be realized. The continued pursuit of such a
policy
will result in lifting a rock only to drop it on one's own feet. Forces
opposing appeasement are now rising in the West. The unity of the West
European
countries has made new progress. We sup****t the unity of Western Europe
and
wish to see Western Europe grow strong.
The rivalry between the two superpowers, the Soviet Union and the United
States, extends to all parts of the globe. The United States has vested
interests to protect around the world, and the Soviet Union seeks
expansion.
This state of affairs is unalterable. In this worldwide rivalry, the
expansionist activities of the Soviet Union are all-pervasive. A Soviet
leader
has openly declared that there is no corner of the earth that is not taken
into
account by them.
Now more and more people have come to realize that the so-called
"irreversible
process of detente" constantly peddled by Soviet social-imperialism is but
a
fraudulent and hollow phrase. Every day it talks "peace" but practices
expansion; every day it talks "disarmament" but practices arms expansion.
Soviet social-imperialism is the biggest peace swindler and the most
dangerous
source of war today. The continued fierce rivalry between the two
superpowers
is bound to lead to war some day. This is independent of man's will. The
so-called "balance of power" is only a tem****ary, superficial and even
deceptive thing. It cannot be relied on to maintain peace. As Chairman Mao
Tsetung pointed out, in an era when cl***** exist, war is a phenomenon
between
two periods of peace. The danger of a new world war is visibly growing,
and the
people of all countries must get prepared.
There is now a strange phenomenon in the world. Some people are terrified
at
the mention of the Soviet Union, thinking that it cannot be touched. This
is
superstition. Soviet social-imperialism is nothing to be afraid of. It is
outwardly strong but inwardly weak. Alienated from the people, it is
essentially feeble. It faces economic difficulties and ever sharpening
class
contradictions and contradictions among its nationalities. Carrying out
expansion everywhere and committing all sorts of evils, it has affronted
the
people of the East European countries and of the world. Its offensive
posture
bears the seed of defeat.
Chairman Mao Tsetung pointed out long ago:"All reactionaries are paper
tigers."
"The revisionist Soviet Union is a paper tiger too." All the countries
that are
subjected to superpower aggression, subversion, interference, control or
threat
should unite and wage a tit-for-tat struggle against it.
"The people, and the people alone, are the motive force in the making of
world
history." The destiny of mankind is definitely not to be decided by any
superpower. "People of the world, be courageous, dare to fight, defy
difficulties and advance wave upon wave. Then the whole world will belong
to
the people. Monsters of all kinds shall be destroyed."
Mr. President,
Following Chairman Mao Tsetung's teachings, the Chinese Government and
people
firmly and unswervingly sup****t the just struggles of all oppressed
nations and
oppressed peoples. Now, I would like to state our consistent position on
some
of the issues to be considered by the current session of the General
Assembly.
We firmly sup****t the people of Zimbabwe, Namibia and Azania in their just
struggle against white racism and for national liberation. We warmly
sup****t
the relevant resolutions adopted by the recent Assembly of Heads of State
and
Government of the Organization of African Unity and the Fifth Summit
Conference
of the Non-Aligned Countries. We firmly sup****t the people of Zimbabwe in
their
armed struggle against the Smith white minority regime. We firmly sup****t
the
people of Namibia in their armed struggle against forcible occupation by
the
reactionary authorities of South Africa and for national independence.
We warmly hail the powerful mass movements of the people of Azania against
racial discrimination and apartheid. We strongly condemn the Soviet Union
for
disrupting the unity of the Angolan national-liberation movements and
carrying
out armed intervention in Angola. We are firmly opposed to the rivalry
between
the two superpowers in southern Africa, and especially to
social-imperialist
attempts to seize the op****tunity to sow discord and carry out armed
intervention while pretending to sup****t the national-liberation
movements.
We firmly sup****t the Palestinian and other Arab peoples in their just
struggle
for the restoration of their national rights and the recovery of their
lost
territories and against the rivalry between the superpowers for hegemony
in the
Middle East. We sincerely hope that the various political forces in
Lebanon,
together with the Arab states concerned and the Palestinian people, will
set
store by the national interests of Lebanon and the militant unity of the
Arab
countries and find a reasonable solution to their tem****ary differences
through
peaceful consultations free from superpower interference.
We firmly maintain that the independence, sovereignty and territorial
integrity
of Cyprus should be respected. We earnestly hope that the Greek and
Turkish
communities of Cyprus and the countries directly concerned will guard
against
superpower meddling and gradually eliminate their differences through
patient
consultations on the basis of equality and in the spirit of mutual
understanding and mutual accommodation.
We firmly sup****t the Korean people in their just struggle for the
independent
and peaceful reunification of their fatherland. U.S. aggression and
interference in Korea are the main cause for recurrent tensions in Korea
and
for the failure to achieve an independent and peaceful reunification. The
United Nations command must be dissolved, and the U.S. armed forces must
be
withdrawn from south Korea. The division of Korea must end, and the
independent
and peaceful reunification of Korea must be realized. This is not to be
hindered by any force on earth.
We firmly sup****t the admission of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam to
member****p in the United Nations. The U.S. threat to use the veto is
utterly
unjustifiable. We firmly sup****t the just struggle carried on by the
people of
East Timor under the leader****p of the Revolutionary Front for Independent
East
Timor (FRETILIN) in defence of the independence and territorial integrity
of
their country against foreign aggression. We hold that the position of the
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) for the establishment of a
zone
of peace, freedom and neutrality free from interference by foreign powers
should be respected.
We firmly sup****t the proposal of the Government of Sri Lanka to declare
the
Indian Ocean a zone of peace. We firmly sup****t the proposal of the
Government
of Pakistan to establish a nuclear-free zone in South Asia. We firmly
sup****t
the solemn statement of the King of Nepal declaring Nepal a zone of peace.
We
firmly sup****t the reasonable position taken by Bangladesh on the question
of
sharing the water of the Ganges River.
We firmly sup****t the just struggle of the third world countries for the
establishment of the new international economic order. To attain this aim,
the
third world countries have, since the Sixth Special Session of the U.N.
General
Assembly, made many efforts at various international conferences. But
owing to
the obstruction by the superpowers, these efforts have so far not achieved
the
progress they ought to have. Facts prove that the superpowers will never
lightly give up their prerogative of exploiting and plundering the
developing
countries.
We approve of dialogue, but first of all one must be strong. The
developing
countries can wrest back step by step positions on the economic front
occupied
by the superpowers only if they maintain independence and self-reliance,
fully
exercise their state sovereignty, take firm hold on their natural
resources,
develop and expand their national economies, consolidate and expand the
associations of raw-material-producing countries and strengthen their
mutual
help and co-operation.
As for the question of disarmament, our consistent position and views are
known
to all. The Soviet representative puts forward at this forum every year a
sham
disarmament proposal of one description or other to achieve a demagogic
effect.
It is not worthwhile here to comment on such old stuff in new concoctions.
Mr. President,
The Chinese Government and people are determined to carry on the cause
left
behind by Chairman Mao, adhere to the basic line of our Party and keep to
Chairman Mao's revolutionary line and policies in foreign affairs - this
has
been solemnly declared in the Message to the Whole Party, the Whole Army
and
the People of All Nationalities Throughout the Country by the Central
Committee
of the Communist Party of China, the Standing Committee of the National
People's Congress of the People's Republic of China, the State Council and
the
Military Commission of the Central Committee of the C.P.C. and in the
memorial
speech by Comrade Hua Kuo-feng, First Vice-Chairman of the C.P.C. Central
Committee and Premier of the State Council, at the mass memorial meeting
for
the great leader and teacher Chairman Mao Tsetung.
The revolutionary line and policies in foreign affairs laid down for us by
Chairman Mao personally are a beacon that has illuminated and will for
ever
illuminate the successful advance of our external work. The Chinese
Government
will continue unswervingly to implement Chairman Mao's revolutionary line
and
policies in foreign affairs, keep the people in mind, place hopes on them,
uphold proletarian internationalism, and will never seek hegemony or be a
superpower.
We will strengthen our unity with the international proletariat and the
oppressed nations and oppressed people the world over, our unity with the
people of the third world countries and our unity with all the countries
subjected to aggression, subversion, interference, control or bullying by
imperialism or social-imperialism so as to form the broadest possible
united
front against imperialism, and particularly against the hegemonism of the
two
superpowers, the Soviet Union and the United States.
We consistently maintain that all countries, big and small, should be
equal.
The affairs of any country should be managed by its own people; world
affairs
should be managed by all countries in the world. As in the past, we will
establish or develop relations with all countries on the basis of the Five
Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.
Chairman Mao Tsetung taught us that in our international relations, we
Chinese
people should get rid of great-power chauvinism resolutely, thoroughly,
wholly
and completely. We will follow this instruction of Chairman Mao's in
handling
all our foreign relations. China is still a developing socialist country.
However great our future achievements in national construction, we will
keep
firmly in mind Chairman Mao's teaching always to be modest and never
become
arrogant, not even after a hundred years, and never become cocky, not even
after the 21st century.
China is a vast and richly endowed country with a population of 800
million.
Chairman Mao Tsetung taught us: China ought to make a greater contribution
to
humanity. At present, under the leader****p of the Central Committee of the
Communist Party of China, the Chinese people is taking class struggle as
the
key link, keeping to the Party's basic line and policies for the entire
historical period of socialism, persevering in the continued revolution
under
the dictator****p of the proletariat, consolidating the great unity of the
people of all nationalities under the leader****p of the working class and
based
on the worker-peasant alliance, deepening the struggle to criticize Teng
Hsiao-ping and repulse the Right deviationist attempt to reverse correct
verdicts, consolidating and deepening the victories of the Great
Proletarian
Cultural Revolution, combating and preventing revisionism, consolidating
the
dictator****p of the proletariat, working hard to build China into a
powerful
socialist country independently and self-reliantly and striving to make a
greater contribution to humanity.
Following the consistent teachings of Chairman Mao, we are determined to
strengthen our preparedness against war, heighten our vigilance and be
ready at
all times to wipe out any enemy that dare to invade China. We are
determined to
liberate Taiwan. Under the leader****p of the Communist Party of China, we
Chinese people are fully confident that we will triumph over domestic and
foreign enemies, overcome all difficulties and achieve our objectives.
Surveying the whole world, we see that there is great disorder under
heaven and
that the situation is excellent. The way ahead is tortuous, but the future
of
mankind is bright. The people of China are ready to join hands with the
people
of all other countries in our common endeavour.
_____________________
Message posted by:
Rolf Martens
Malmö, Sweden
Phone and fax:
+46 - 40 - 124832;
rolf.martens@[EMAIL PROTECTED]
|
