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Cuban espionage and related extraterritorial activity
by Larry Daley
=20
Successive versions of this article were placed in Wikipedia by =
=E2=80=9CEl Jig=C3=BCe=E2=80=9D and all were deleted, alleging all kinds =
of =E2=80=9Derrors.=E2=80=9D This article was inserted multiple times =
to a total of perhaps more than 80 cycles; in this process =E2=80=9CEl =
Jig=C3=BCe=E2=80=9D was banned access to the Wikipedia site twice. The =
Wikipedia reviewers were nominally demanding a Neutral Point of View, =
(NPOV) in their terminology; in reality they were demanding deletion of =
whole sections that offended them politically. This article thus became =
a test case for use of such as those Wikipedia editors to deny the =
liberties promised by the internet. Readers will note that this was =
done despite liberal use of Cuban government sources.=20
=20
=20
Cuba has for long been a place where spies are active, this was =
celebrated in Cuba and after 1960 in the US by Antonio Prohias=E2=80=99 =
comic strip Spy vs Spy [http://www.angelfire.com/hi/SpyVsSpy/].
By =
their very nature such secret activities often only come to light when =
the agents are caught, defect or die; thus any historic vision of their =
actions is usually a kaleidoscope of apparently discontinuous events, =
re****ted differently by the different antagonists involved.
=20
=3D=3DConquest=3D=3D
Perhaps the first record of a Cuban spy is that of Oliguama who between =
1522 and 1532 betrayed and murdered his brother the Indigenous rebel =
leader Guam=C3=A1. According to the oral tradition Oliguama killed =
Guam=C3=A1 because the latter had taken his woman =
[http://freeweb.supereva.com/carlo260/guama.html?p].
The death of =
Guam=C3=A1 and the capture and execution of his warrior wife Casiguaya =
(Maso, 1998) ended major Ta=C3=ADno resistance to the Spanish.
=20
=20
=3D=3DColonial Period=3D=3D
During the American Revolutionary War Cuban born Jos=C3=A9 Eligio de la =
Fuente spied for George Wa****ngton, and Juan Mirelles who met with =
Patrick Henry for similar tasks (Anton, and Hernandez 2002). During the =
US Civil war the Confederacy employed a Cuban woman, Loreta Janeta =
Velazquez (aka Lieutenant Harry T. Buford) to spy on Union forces =
(Velazquez, 1876). Thomas Jordan =
[http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Hills/1850/TJordan.html],
=
[http://members.aol.com/jweaver300/grayson/jordan.htm],
a former United =
States Army officer who became a Confederate colonel, said to have =
started an embryonic spy network in Wa****ngton, D.C. as early as 1860, =
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War_spies.
Thomas Jordan =
later landing the Perit Expedition with weapons, supplies and men, and =
became general in the Cuban forces in the Ten Year War, (Antonio Pirala =
1874, 1895, 1896; Enamorado, 1917; Marmol, 1993). =20
=20
=20
=3D=3DCuban Independence Struggles=3D=3D
In subsequent Cuban independence struggles, the Spanish Colonial =
government employed spies and informers inside and outside of Cuba, =
notable the Pinkertons =
[http://www.irishabroad.com/irishworld/irishamericamag/decjan03/hibernia/=
dynamitejohnnydecjan03.asp] (Rubens, 1932), to try to control Cuban =
independence activity. US consular re****ts from the early 1890s, out of =
Santiago reveal that the US was interested in the precision of maritime =
charts of the area. Andrew Summers Rowan, =
[http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/historyonline/chron_spanish_am_war.cfm]=
, [http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/asrowan.htm],
=
[http://americanhistory.si.edu/westpoint/history_4b2.html],
=
[http://www.trivia-library.com/b/military-biography-spanish-american-war-=
lt-andrew-summers-rowan-part-1.htm], =
[http://hermstrom.tripod.com/rowan.html]
was the silent stealthy =
=E2=80=9Ccarrier=E2=80=9D of the famous =E2=80=9CMessage to =
Garcia,=E2=80=99=E2=80=99 =
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Message_to_Garcia],
=
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calixto_Garcia],
=
[http://www.spanamwar.com/Garciabio.htm]
(Escalante Beaton, 1946) which =
never existed in written form (Rowan, 1922). Rowan, despite having =
written a history/geography of Cuba (Rowan, 1896) had never been to the =
island before, and thus was shadowed, guided and protected all the way, =
via Jamaica by agents of the Cuban Revolutionary Junta directed by Jose =
Marti. Rowan went on to fight in the Philippines =
[http://www.trivia-library.com/b/military-biography-spanish-american-war-=
lt-andrew-summers-rowan-part-2.htm].
=20
=20
=3D=3DCuban Republic to 1930s=3D=3D
=20
Dominican Republicans and possibly Haitian agents were believed involved =
in the sad =E2=80=9Crace war=E2=80=9D of 1912; and the Kaiser=E2=80=99s =
agents said, but not proven to have been involved, sup****ting the =
Liberals in the 1917 Chambelona revolt. The latter may or may not have =
involved WWI smuggling of large ****pments of Cuban sugar past German =
submarines. These ****pments were supposedly to go to Sweden in exchange =
for Scandinavian cobble stones as the streets around of the Havana docks =
still mutely testify. However, this much needed sugar went to war bound =
England. These ****pments were arranged by Mamb=C3=AD Major General =
Calixto Garc=C3=ADa I=C3=B1iguez=E2=80=99s son, also Mamb=C3=AD General =
Carlos Garc=C3=ADa V=C3=A9lez then Cuban Ambassador to the Court of =
Saint James.=20
=20
=20
During the Cuban Republic, in 1925, at the beginning of =
Machado=E2=80=99s legal term, Abraham Semjovitch, code name Fabio =
Grobart =
[http://www.trabajadores.cubaweb.cu/SUPLEMENTO-HISTORIA/revolucion/fabio.=
htm], =
[http://foros.abc.es/cgi-local/forosabc/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=3Dprint_topic;=
f=3D14;t=3D003740], =
[http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2005/08/31/nacional/articulo01.html],
=
[http://www.cartadecuba.org/castro_el_infiel.htm]
a Kremlin Agent helped =
make formal links between the Cuban Communist Party and the Communist =
International =
[http://www.cyberpresse.ca/monde/article/article_complet.php?path=3D/mond=
e/article/16/1,151,1062,082005,1133013.shtml] PCC. =20
=20
=20
Cuban communist Julio Antonio Mella virulently attacked Peru=E2=80=99s =
V=C3=ADctor Ra=C3=BAl Haya de la Torre. Mella, a founder of the Cuban =
Communist party, =
[http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/cb/cuba/castro/1987/19870823],
was murdered =
in 1929 in Mexico a month after being expelled from Central Committee of =
the Communist Part in that country. It is said =
[http://www.socialistaction.org/news/200107/tina.html]
that beautiful, =
photographer, Tina Modotti =
[http://www.cafecancun.com/bookarts/modotti.shtml],
his former wife and =
ruthless communist assassin who was with him when he was killed; Tina is =
believed to have participated in this =E2=80=9CStalinist=E2=80=9D plot =
to eliminate Mella and other sup****ters of Leon Trotsky.=20
=20
=20
Walker Evans (Evans, and Codrescu 2001) sent to Cuba to prepare =
photographs for a book by Carleton Beals has an amazing photograph of a =
1930s Machado informer of =E2=80=98=E2=80=99la ****ra,=E2=80=99=E2=80=99 =
standing in his most elegant white suit watching for the resistance.=20
=20
=20
In the 1930s Cuba as much of the rest of Latin America was a churning =
sea in which agents of the Kremlin and the Fascist axis fought battles =
of influence and sometimes blood. According to this left wing radical =
journalist Carleton Beals (1938) in the late 1920s through the 1930s in =
a dizzying cycle of attacks and alliances the Cuban Communists =
alternately promoted and verbally attacked a wide assortment of public =
fibures Augusto C=C3=A9sar Sandino, Gerardo Machado, Ram=C3=B3n Grau San =
Martin, Fulgencio Batista and the apparently non-communist radicals of =
Joven Cuba lead by Antonio Guiteras Holmes (Beals, 1938, Carrillo, =
1985). =20
=20
=20
Although termed quiescent, and struggling with its own dissidents lead =
by Leon Trotsky, the Comintern used US communists as agents in Cuba and =
other Latin American countries. Under Grau=E2=80=99s first time in =
power between 1933 and 1934 Cuban communists took control of the Cuban =
Labor Confederation (Beals, 1938). Antonio Guiteras, ally, rival and =
enemy of Batista, who readily advocated violent murder was killed in =
1935 and his followers took vengeance (Hugh Thomas, 1998, Gott, 2004). =
Batista who had order this killing survived.
=20
=20
Also during the 1930s Francisco Franco inserted Fascist organizer Manuel =
Villanueva into this turbulent Cuban mix (Beals, 1938). And in the late =
1930=E2=80=99s the Batista Government had good relations with the =
Nazi=E2=80=99s to the point of decorating Adolph Hitler=E2=80=99s =
propaganda chief Paul Joseph Goebbels (Beals, 1938); this is also very =
confusing since Batista made alliances of convenience with the =
communists; while Cuban sympathizers of the Spanish republic collected =
funds (Beals, 1938). =20
=20
=20
=3D=3D1940s =3D=3D
=20
The 1940 Leon Trotsky assassination in Mexico which is re****ted very =
differently by the numerous sides involved =
[http://www.marxist.com/mexico-trotsky-museum240603.htm],
=
[http://www.rotten.com/library/bio/crime/assassins/ramon-mercader/],
=
[http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Ram%F3n+Mercader].
=
Trotsky=E2=80=99s assassin, Jaime [Ram=C3=B3n Mercader], was the son of =
Eustacia Mar=C3=ADa Caridad del R=C3=ADo Hern=C3=A1ndez said to be Cuban =
[http://firmaspress.com/454.htm],
not as commonly thought, Spanish. =
Jaime Ram=C3=B3n Mercader after release from prison lived and died in =
Cuba and was buried in Russia as Ram=C3=B3n Ivanovich L=C3=B3pez.
=20
=20
The list of players who appear and disappear as Cuba=E2=80=99s spy =
dramas fold and unfold is long and varied. Thus we note the Figueres =
involvement in Cuba spreads from the Cayo Confites matter (see below) to =
the arms supply to the Sierra Maestra where Alfonso Manuel Rojo =
(=E2=80=9Cthe Che supposedly who spied on the =E2=80=9CChe=E2=80=9D =
Guevara) (1981), pilot Pedro D=C3=ADaz Lanz and a number of others =
[http://www.clarin.com/suplementos/zona/2000/02/13/i-00601e.htm]
all =
have bit parts. =20
=20
=20
Cuba was also scene of German spying intended to locate ****ps as target =
for that country's submarine warfare in WW II. This was one of the more =
successful U-boat campaigns with over 23 ****ps sunk per submarine lost =
(Kelshall, 1994) suggesting that the Germans for a while had superior =
intelligence sup****t. The book =E2=80=9CVoyage of the Damned (Thomas =
and Witts 1974) describes Otto Ott a dwarf spy who, it seems, was =
surprisingly effective. Others describe Heinz L=C3=BCning =
[http://www.il.proquest.com/proquest/newsletters/04/historyjan04.shtml]]a=
s a tall handsome, but not very effective, German spy who was captured, =
tried and shot by the Batista government on November 10th 1942. =
Somehow, these Nazi operations related to the Care=C3=B1o building in =
Havana a huge warren-like building which served as refuge for =
delinquents, it had been used in 1933 by [Fulgencio Batista]=E2=80=99s =
forces who suffered heavy losses there in their successful mutiny =
against their officers, and their Olympic rifle team in the Hotel =
Nacional (Ros, 2005). The Care=C3=B1o building is just across from the =
Humbolt 7 building where a dramatic drama played out in 1957 (see =
below). Mariano Faget the Cuban government senior spy catcher takes the =
credit for the capture of Heinz L=C3=BCning. In Cuba Ernest =
Hemingway=E2=80=99s short lived involvement in these activities =
[http://www.military.com/Content/MoreContent?file=3DPRhemingway]
seems =
only notable because of his use of Spanish Republican exiles; however =
previously in Spain, Hemingway was considered by some an intellectual =
captive of the Stalinist =E2=80=9CPopular Front=E2=80=9D and one of his =
minders was said to be Herbert Matthews =
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Matthews]
of the New York Times =
(Koch, 2005 p. 217). =20
=20
=20
Also in the 1940=E2=80=99s Rogelio Recio Ram=C3=ADrez, leader of the =
ephemeral 1933 Mabay Workers Soviet develops the first secret cells of =
what will become the Sierra Maestra covert communist party. These cells =
engage in agi-prop in these mountains among the Guajiros and Montunos. =
When Castro takes to the mountains in 1956-1958 these super-secret =
cells, do very little fighting, but provide logistic sup****t and =
information to the pro-Communist factions especially to Ernesto Che =
Guevara [http://members.aol.com/Guanabacoa/pche.html],
(Guevara, and =
Waters, (editor) 1996). There is a hagiographic sketch of =
Guevara=E2=80=99s life at =
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernesto_Che_Guevara].
=20
=20
Fidel Castro himself was a player in these activities long before =
reaching power. He was active in the 1948 Bogotazo in Colombia and =
commonly thought, since he was said to be the last non-Colombian to see =
Gait=C3=A1n alive, somehow involved in the killing of Liberal Party =
Cacique and presidential candidate Jorge Eli=C3=A9cer Gait=C3=A1n =
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Eli%C3%A9cer_Gait%C3%A1n],
=
[http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/gaitan/gaitancastro.htm].
There =
Castro=E2=80=99s ally was Rafael del Pino Siero, a naturalized US =
citizen who would be jailed and apparently strangled by agents of his =
former ally. Rafael del Pino Siero should not be confused with the =
Rafael del Pino D=C3=ADaz, a pilot at the =E2=80=9C[Bay of =
Pigs];=E2=80=9D to complicate matters further each Rafael del Pino had a =
son with the same name. It is said that Castro in 1948 on return from =
Bogota, Colombia and Fabio Grobart make contact =
[http://www.cartadecuba.org/castro_el_infiel.htm]
and supposedly Castro =
is recruited as an agent. =20
=20
=20
Castro was involved, apparently as a minor player, in part of the =
aborted =E2=80=9CCayo Confites=E2=80=9D 1947 and 1949 affairs =
(Ameringer, 1995), which was a massive Caribbean Legion plot to =
overthrow General Rafael Leonidas Trujillo, Dictator of the Dominican =
Republic, and which involved much equipment, including about 20, light, =
trans****t and attack aircraft which was confiscated and later =
transferred to the Cuban armed forces =
[http://www.nocastro.com/documents/aviacion/aviacion5.htm].
=20
=20
=3D=3DCuban Republic 1950s=3D=3D
=20
Raul Castro is said to have been trained in Prague by Soviet Agents in =
early 1952 (Fermoselle, 1992; Andrew and Mitrokhin, 2005) =
[http://www.thestatesman.net/page.news.php?clid=3D30&id=3D94280].
=20
=20
=20
Eutimio Guerra, described variously as a member of the =E2=80=9CPartido =
Orthodoxo,=E2=80=9D political organizer and =E2=80=9Cagrarian =
reformer=E2=80=9D played a major role, along with Celia S=C3=A1nchez, =
=E2=80=9CLalo=E2=80=9D Sardi=C3=B1as, Crescencio P=C3=A9rez, Manuel =
Fajardo, and Guillermo Garc=C3=ADa in sup****ting the Castro forces =
immediately after the disastrous 1956 landings (Mor=C3=A1n Arce, 1980; =
Fuentes 2004). Apparently then major Joaquin Casillas Lumpuy and even =
Fulgencio Batista considered Guerra the major =E2=80=9Cagrarian =
reformer=E2=80=9D and opponent in the early stages of the guerrilla war =
(Mor=C3=A1n Arce, 1980). The term =E2=80=9Cagrarian reformer=E2=80=9D =
was used by both =E2=80=9Cliberals=E2=80=9D such as Walter Duranty, =
[http://www.aim.org/aim_column/A2459_0_3_0_C/],
and Senator Joseph =
McCarthy to excuse or denounce communist leanings =
[http://www.antiwar.com/stromberg/s041001.html];
locally in these Cuban =
mountains agrarian reformers were commonly considered =
=E2=80=9Ccommunists.=E2=80=9D =20
=20
=20
It is not clear whether in reality Eutimio Guerra belonged to these =
secret communist cells, what seems apparent he was captured and turned =
by Batista operatives, became a Batista agent, and then discovered and =
said executed by friend and fellow rebel Ciro Fr=C3=ADas (Mor=C3=A1n =
Arce, 1980) or by the =E2=80=9CChe=E2=80=9D (Fuentes, 2004). All this =
became part of the first purge of Castro forces in the Sierra as is =
narrated in a partisan way by Guevara, Ernesto =E2=80=9CChe=E2=80=9D =
(1996). The Batista spy masters in this matter included Joaquin =
Casillas Lumpuy and Manuel de Jes=C3=BAs Casallas Manso chief of Batista =
Military Intelligence in Oriente Province (Mor=C3=A1n Arce, 1980). =
Casillas Lumpuy was executed by the Che Guevara at the end of the war =
[http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/che/che-executed.htm].
=20
=20
=20
The communist cells in the Sierra Maestra worked to oppose the =
non-Communist rebel factions of Frank Pa=C3=ADs =
[http://www.hup.harvard.edu/pdf/SWEINS_excerpt.pd]
and Huber Matos =
[http://www.cubanet.org/CNews/y04/mar04/30o5.htm]
(Matos, 2002). =20
=20
=20
All this relates to weapon supply to Castro in the Sierra, via Frank =
Sturgis (putative agent of the CIA and "burglar" in Watergate), =
Jos=C3=A9 Figueres Ferrer (past President of Costa Rica) =
[http://www.infocostarica.com/history/figueres.html],
=
[http://www.elespiritudel48.org/55/h5505.htm],
=
[http://www.elespiritudel48.org/docu/h100.htm]
and the Caribbean Legion =
(Ameringer, 1995) [http://www.elespiritudel48.org/docu/h124.htm],
=
[http://www.elespiritudel48.org/docu/h083.htm],
=
[http://www.provincias.com.do/cultura/ramirezalcantara.htm].=20
=20
=20
Norberto Fuentes (2004) states that Batista=E2=80=99s military =
intelligence =E2=80=9CSIM=E2=80=9D colonel Antonio Blanco Rico killed by =
urban rebels of the non-Castro =E2=80=9CDirectorio=E2=80=9D =
[http://www.contactocuba.com/Drluis2.htm],
=
[http://www.almamater.cu/re****taje/pagina/maxlesnik.htm],
=
[http://www.autentico.org/oa09658.php]
was a secret communist party =
member and that this was known to Castro, who regretted his death. Now =
wheels within wheels, smoke and mirrors, Mariano Faget this same spy =
catcher was charged with hunting communists in Batista=E2=80=99s second =
dictator****p (1952-1959). However, Faget apparently convinced Captain =
Est=C3=A9ban Ventura (see below for fictional version as Capitain =
Segura) to catch mostly non-communists; somehow letting communist party =
members such as Onaney Mu=C3=B1iz =
[http://www.google.com/search?q=3Dcache:sQuHxMHek6AJ:www.cubasolar.cu/ins=
tituciones/fnj/editorial] were let go. . This was also the case in the =
Humbolt 7 killings April 7, 1957 =
[http://www.jrebelde.cubaweb.cu/2004/abril-junio/abr-21/homenaje.html].
=
It would seem that in return the Cuban communists would inform on rivals =
of Castro; thus Batista=E2=80=99s forces always seemed to know where =
they were going to be attacked. Such betrayals seems to have been a =
factor in the bloody endings of the Corynthia expedition =
[http://www.autentico.org/oa09186.php].
=
[http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/cuban-rebels/corynthia.htm]
and the =
attack on the Goicur=C3=ADa barracks =
[http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/goicuria-garrison.htm],[http://www.a=
ngelfire.com/tn/tiempos/mundo/texto74.html]. Those who escaped, Humbolt =
7 before their companions were killed included Marcos Rodr=C3=ADguez =
Alfonso, (Marquitos) and Ra=C3=BAl D=C3=ADaz Arg=C3=BCelles. Marquitos =
was later executed April 18 1964 on at Castro=E2=80=99s orders when his =
betrayal of his friends became public =
[http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/cuba/marcos-rodriguez-3-23-1964.pdf]=
, [http://kubanos.com/efemerides/verDia.asp?dia=3D18&mes=3D4].
=
Ra=C3=BAl D=C3=ADaz Arg=C3=BCelles of course was the first Cuban general =
to die in 1977 Angola (see Fermoselle 1992).
=20
=20
Thus it could mean or could not mean that Faget the elder, was a double =
agent as his son (also named Mariano Faget) seems to have been =
[http://intellit.muskingum.edu/spycases_folder/faget.html],
=
[http://www.jonathanpollard.org/cuba.htm].
Naturally this accusation =
against Faget junior is denied as is customary in such cases by his =
alleged superiors in the Cuban government, =
[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/649226.stm].
=20
=20
=20
This circumstance is reflected in the literature, for instance =
=E2=80=9COur Man in Havana=E2=80=9D by Graham Greene (1958) =
[http://members.tripod.com/~greeneland/havana.htm],
Greene apparently =
anticipated the [Cuba Missile Crisis] and used Batista=E2=80=99s elegant =
goon Esteban Ventura Nova as his model for Capitan Segura. However, it =
is wise to recall that Graham Greene, who had worked under the direction =
of double agent Kim Philby, was well experienced in real spy games and =
like most Cubans of the time, strongly disliked Batista and sympathized =
with Fidel Castro. However, unlike many Cubans he did not alter his =
views with time.
=20
=20
If Herbert Matthews of the New York Times was as much a =
=E2=80=9Cplayer=E2=80=9D as Koch, 2005 (p. 217 and subsequent pages) =
writes then certainly Castro=E2=80=99s emergence as the major figure in =
the resistance to Fulgencio Batista owes at in great part to the =
exaggerated news re****ts =
[http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/cuban-rebels/matthews.htm],
=
[http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/cuban-rebels/NYT-6-9-57.htm],
=
[http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/cuba-rev-57.htm]
of this promoter =
of the Soviet organized Popular Fronts of the 1930=E2=80=99s; and thus =
Batista=E2=80=99s statements that Castro was a =E2=80=9Cred=E2=80=9D =
were ignored [http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/fidel/castro-red.htm],
=
until too late. Left leaning US Assistant Secretary of State for Latin =
American Affairs William Weiland, who it is said had much to do with the =
rise of Batista in 1933, is rumored to have had much to do with this too =
[http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2003/4/23/170146.shtml]
=20
=20
=3D=3DCastro in Power=3D=3D
=20
In the Castro era this matter intelligence and spying has elicited an =
enormous amount of often conflicting published and web material. Cuban =
intelligence blames Cuban exiles for the Kennedy assassination =
(Escalante, 1995), =
[http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKescalante.htm].
However, since =
the Cuban government has an extreme interest in this circumstance and =
credible well informed witnesses including Lyndon Johnson assign most =
probable blame to Castro for this the mystery is nowhere near resolved =
as Kennedy assassination theories live and, grow. =20
=20
=20
In the early days of the Castro take over Trotskyites agents still =
struggled for control with more orthodox Stalinists =
[http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/isr/vol24/no2/vitale.htm];=
eventually is seems that Castro=E2=80=99s brand of =
=E2=80=9Cstalinist=E2=80=9D communism won out, and an Escalante, Fabian =
Escalante gained control of the Cuban =E2=80=9Csecurity =
apparatus=E2=80=9D [1959-62 (1995) Fabian Escalante =
ttp://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKescalante.htm]
=20
=20
What is certain is that Castro and his agents cast a big shadow in the =
Cold War (Volkman,1995). Castro=E2=80=99s enemies or rivals honorable =
[http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/gringosintherevolution/gringosintherevolut=
ion.htm#delpino] and dishonorable often died mysterious violent deaths. =
The =E2=80=9CHoney trap=E2=80=9D is considered a standard technique on =
the island; and many visitors from clergymen (including a certain young =
rabbi) to film actors are reputed to have been subject to this =
technique. =20
=20
=20
Philip Agee CIA defector [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Agee],
=
resigned in 1969, and who was to reveal the identities of many CIA =
operatives, was welcomed by Cuban intelligence and now lives on the =
island. Cuban operatives and Cuban regulars did battle against US =
allies and US interests especially in Latin America acting as surrogates =
for USSR intelligence (Andrew and Gordievsky 1990; Rodriguez and Weisman =
1989). A particularly good source is Rafael Fermoselle (1992), who =
describes actions and spy masters. Fermoselle describes Ramiro =
(Ramirito) Valdez Men=C3=A9ndez and Jos=C3=A9 Abrantes Fern=C3=A1ndez, =
as Castro=E2=80=99s chief spy masters. Aside from the well known =
interventions in Nicaragua =
[http://www.fas.org/irp/congress/1989_cr/h890412-cuba.htm],
=
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front#Cuban_=
assistance], (Dickey, 1986) and El Salvador =
[http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v03/v03p129_Konkin.html]
there were a myriad of =
other operations. For instance Castro's bodyguard Antonio Briones =
Montoto, son of Dr. Newton Briones a Autentico politician and activist, =
was killed during a landing at Machurucuto Venezuela on May 8th 1967 =
[http://www.lanuevacuba.com/archivo/rafael-del-pino-24.htm].
Briones, =
whose girl friend Urselia D=C3=ADaz B=C3=A1ez had blown up while placing =
a bomb in the bathroom of a crowded theater in 1957 during the war =
against Batista, was survived in this adventure by activist Ulises =
Rosales del Toro, the later general and still later executed Arnaldo =
Ochoa, hero of Castro=E2=80=99s African campaigns and the present Cuban =
minister of the Interior Abelardo Colom=C3=A9 Ibarra =
[http://www.cubanet.org/CNews/y05/feb05/09a8.htm].
=20
=20
=20
Haydee Tamara Bunke Bider, the famous Tania, =
[http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/40/123.html],
=
[http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/mujer/mujer7.htm],
=
[http://www.discoverthenetwork.org/individualProfile.asp?indid=3D2054]
=
lover and said unintended betrayer of the Ernesto Che Guevara (Anderson, =
1997; Rodriguez and Weisman, 1989) was killed in Bolivia and is buried =
in Cuba.
=20
=20
The Venezuelan and Bolivian circumstances were full of spying Cuban =
trawlers and assassinations in the Ernesto =E2=80=9CChe=E2=80=9D =
Guevara=E2=80=99s aftermath =
[http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/johnsonlb/xxxi/36337.htm].
Somehow this relates to the apparent sabotage of '''Cubana Flight 455''' =
was a Douglas DC-8 departing from [[Barbados]] to Cuba. On October 6, =
1976 two bombs were said planted on the aircraft exploded, which killing =
all 73 people on board. The dead included the Cuban-army fencing team, =
Cuban officials and North Korean and Guyanese citizens =
[http://granmai.cubaweb.com/ingles/2005/octubre/juev6/42barbados.html].
=
A study of the passenger list =
[http://www.bnjm.cu/librinsula/2004/octubre/40/documentos/documento138.ht=
m] suggests that North Koreans were =E2=80=9Ccultural attaches=E2=80=9D =
a usual cover for intelligence operatives, and that the Cuban officials =
were =E2=80=9Ccommissars=E2=80=9D from the Cuban shrimp fleet which =
often was employed for =E2=80=9Cother=E2=80=9D tasks including =
incursions near Venezuela. More on the Venezuelan matter can be found =
at [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/johnsonlb/xxxi/36337.htm],
=
[http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/guerrilla/machurucuto.htmor].
=20
=20
=20
Elsewhere similar actions were undertaken. In Africa, in Angola =
[http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/cb/cuba/castro/1988/19881129.3]
and Ethiopia =
[http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-4538.html]
(Spikes, 1993) =
there were tank battles. In Grenada, in the Caribbean, Cuban and US =
forces actually entered into combat =
[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/reagan/peopleevents/pande07.html].
In =
Vietnam Cuban engineers help build the Ho Chi Min trail =
[http://www.nationalalliance.org/cuba/benge3.htm],
and Cuban =
intelligence harshly interrogated US prisoners =
[http://www.fiu.edu/~fcf/warcrimes.cuba.vietnam.html],
=
[http://www.fiu.edu/~fcf/lcoh.html],
=
[http://www.veteranscava.org/air%20force%20colonel.htm].
Cuban tankers =
secretly fought the Israelis (Fermoselle,1992; Dayan, 1976). When the =
Soviet Union stopped supplying funding much of this ceased for a while, =
and the recently concluded Filiberto Ojeda Rios affair in Puerto Rico =
[[http://www.wa****ngtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/28/AR20050=
92802077.html?nav=3Drss_nation/special]] relates to this time frame. =20
=20
=20
However, more recently Cuban intelligence is once more active in the US =
as agents such as Ana Belen Montes =
[http://english.pravda.ru/world/20/91/368/16266_espionage.html],
=
[http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2003/1/5/163348.shtml]
=
penetrated US intelligence services and the Red Avispa Network are found =
spying on Cuban exiles, US Armed Forces personnel and bases =
[http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/library/news/2003/intell-030730-usi=
a01.htm], =
[http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/library/news/2005/intell-050809-20b=
d4a0b.htm], =
[http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/cuba/cuban-espionage-03.htm],
=
[http://www.iwar.org.uk/news-archive/2003/07-30-2.htm],
=
[http://www.elandar.com/back/summer00/stories/story_miamispy.html],
=
[http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/library/news/2005/intell-050420-voa=
01.htm]. A Cuban spy ring in Mexico is again =
[http://www.fiu.edu/~fcf/spyknew121900.html],
=
[http://www.cubanet.org/CNews/y00/nov00/10e4.htm]
revealed and =
officially denied [[http://www.nocastro.com/archives/spymex1.htm]].
All =
we know is that this involves yet another Escalante. At present Castro =
and his ally Hugo Chavez have been busy through out Latin America =
[http://realclearpolitics.com/Commentary/com-9_21_05_AL.html].
=20
=20
An article in Wikipedia =
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cuba]
article =
understandable given their number overlooks some of the many Castro =
overseas activities such as the training cadres of the Polisario front =
in Cuba of, the intervention in Eritrea, in the Congo, and in Bolivia =
and other places. Added details continually surface from defectors. =
For instance it is said that during Chile intervention Castro had a =
Cuban bodyguard, Patricio de la Guardia, kill Allende to make him a =
martyr [http://midiasemmascara.org/en/artigo.php?sid=3D37].
Also =
overlooked are the old and new Venezuelan adventures, the sup****t for =
the Macheteros in Puerto Rico, for the Montoneros in Argentina =
[http://www.tkb.org/Group.jsp?groupID=3D236],
or the Tupamaros in =
Uruguay =
[http://www.gadcuba.org/Guerras%20Secretas/Tupamaros%20y%20Montoneros.htm=
] (M=C3=A1rquez, 2004), the disastrous 1959 landing in the Dominican =
Republic, apparently successful weapon supply to the rebels in Sri Lanka =
[http://www.lubbockonline.com/news/021097/sri.htm],
the material and =
engineering and interrogation manpower sup****t to North Vietnam (also =
see references above). =20
=20
=20
=3D=3DRecent Activities=3D=3D
=20
Given Castro=E2=80=99s involvement in Venezuela has reached the point =
where Cuban security forces have free access to all in Venezuela. Hugo =
Chavez of Venezuela now rules via a transformed and subservient =
judiciary [http://proveo.org/sumate.prelimrep.7.25.05.pdf],
a purged and =
corrupted police force =
[http://www.wa****ngtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/29/AR200510=
2901043.html]. Venezuelan sites are being used to train left wing =
guerrillas =
[http://www.realcities.com/mld/miamiherald/news/world/americas/12972069.h=
tm?source=3Drss&channel=3Dmiamiherald_americas].
=20
=20
Via his close coordination con Hugo Chavez =
[http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2005/8/31/183003.shtml],
=
[http://www.usnews.com/usnews/opinion/articles/050214/14edit.htm],
=
[http://www.eluniversal.com/2005/07/14/en_pol_art_14A578017.shtml]
=
Castro has been able to promote recent anti-democratic events in =
Bolivia, Venezuela and Colombia, and other Latin American countries =
[http://www.techcentralstation.com/110905D.html].
This Castro=E2=80=99s =
47 or more year history promoting overseas violence it seems unwise to =
believe as some do =
[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3DForeign_relations_of_Cuba&ac=
tion=3Dedit§ion=3D1] that there is hope that Castro has reformed and =
seeks peace. =20
=20
=20
This circumstance seems to involve even historians interested in Cuba =
such as Richard Gott (Gott, 2004). Gott, self proclaimed sup****ter of =
the Ernesto Che Guevara =
[http://olm.blythe-systems.com/pipermail/nytr/Week-of-Mon-20041115/009077=
..html], has been labeled an =E2=80=9Cagent of influence=E2=80=9D by some
=
[http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/1376998/posts],
=
[http://216.239.51.104/search?q=3Dcache:kBRrSzTiL80J:en.wikipedia.org/wik=
i/The_Listener_(British_magazine)+Gott+Richard+Agent+of+Influence&hl=3Den=
], [http://www.libertarian.co.uk/lapubs/legan/legan032.pdf].=20
=20
The rumor mill is still at work and there are some e.g. =
[http://www.nationalreview.com/mccarthy/mccarthy200507180801.asp]
who =
believe that Valery Plame was first outed accidentally by Cuban =
intelligence.
=20
=20
=3D=3DNon-electronic Literature Cited=3D=3D
=20
Albers, Patricia 2002 Shadows, Fire, Snow: The Life of Tina Modotti
Clarkson Potter 382 pages; ISBN 0-609-60069-9
=20
Allinson Sidney (accessed 11/8/2005) Military History Undercover: Ernest =
Hemingway http://www.military.com/Content/MoreContent?file=3DPRhemingway
=20
Ameringer, Charles D 1995 The Caribbean Legion: Patriots, Politicians, =
Soldiers of Fortune, 1946-1950 Pennsylvania State University Press =
(December, 1995) (Paperback) ISBN: 0271014520
=20
Anderson, Jon Lee 1997 Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life. Grove Press =
New York ISBN: 0802116000=20
=20
Andrew, Christopher and Oleg Gordievsky 1990 KGB: The Inside Story of =
Its Foreign Operations from Lenin to Gorbachev. HarperCollins, New York, =
ISBN: 0060166053=20
=20
Andrew, Christopher and Vasili Mitrokhin 2005.The Mitrokhin Archive II: =
The KGB and the World. Allen Lane. ISBN: 0713993596=20
=20
Anton, Alex and Roger E. Hernandez 2002 Cubans in America: A Vibrant =
History of a People in Exile Kensington Publi****ng Cor****ation (May, =
2002) ISBN: 157566593X
=20
Beals, Carleton 1938 The coming struggle for Latin America. J. B. =
Lippincott Company. Philadelphia
=20
Cacucci, Pino (Translated by Patricia J. Duncan) 1999 Tina Modotti: A =
Life. St. Martin's Press 225 pages; ISBN 0-312-20036-26=20
=20
Carrillo, Justo 1985 Cuba 1933: Estudiantes, Yanquis y Soldados =
Instituto de Estudios Interamericanos, University of Miami ISBN: =
0935501002
=20
Dayan, Moshe 1976 Moshe Dayan: Story of My Life. Williams Morrow & =
Company SBN 0-688-03076-9 p. 551
=20
Dickey, Christopher 1986 With the Contras. Simon & Schuster ISBN: =
0671532987 =20
=20
Enamorado, Calixto 1917 Tiempos. Heroicos Persecucion. Rambla, Bauza and =
Company, Havana.=20
=20
Escalante Beaton, Anibal 1946 Calixto Garcia Su Campa=C3=B1a en el 95. =
Arrow Press Havana. (Introduction by General Carlos Garcia Velez =
another first hand witness). Chapter 14 (Capitulo Decimocuarto)
=20
Fabian Escalante, 1995 The Secret War: CIA Covert Operations Against =
Cuba, 1959-62 Fabian Escalante =
ttp://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKescalante.htm=20
=20
Evans, Walker (Photographer), and Andrei Codrescu 2001 Walker Evans: =
Cuba (Hardcover) J. Paul Getty Trust Publications ISBN: 0892366176
=20
Fermoselle, Rafael 1992 Cuban leader****p after Castro: Biographies of =
Cuba's top commanders (Unknown Binding) North-South Center, University =
of Miami, Research Institute for Cuban Studies; 2nd ed.=20
=20
Fuentes, Norberto 2004 La Autobiografia De Fidel Castro Editorial =
Planeta, Mexico D.F ISBN: 8423336042, ISBN: 9707490012
=20
Gott, Richard 2004 Cuba: A New History. Yale University Press, New =
Haven. ISBN 0-300-10411-1
=20
Greene, Graham 1958 Our Man in Havana: Viking ISBN: 0670531413
=20
Guevara, Ernesto =E2=80=9CChe=E2=80=9D (and Waters, Mary Alice editor) =
1996 Episodes of the Cuban Revolutionary War 1956-1958. Pathfinder New =
York (see reference to =E2=80=9CEl Visca=C3=ADno=E2=80=9D on page 186). =
ISBN: 0873488245.
=20
Kelshall, Gaylord T. M. 1994 The U-Boat War in the Caribbean United =
States Naval Institute Annapolis Maryland ISBN: 1557504520
=20
Koch, Stephen 2005 The Breaking Point: Hemingway, Dos Passos, and the =
Murder of Jose Robles. Counterpoint Press, New York ISBN: 1582432805
=20
M=C3=A1rquez, Nicol=C3=A1s 2004 La otra parte de la verdad. Ediciones de =
Autor ISBN: 9874382678
=20
Marmol, Jose G. 1993 Donato Marmol, Mayor General en la Revolucion del =
Separatismo Cubano. Editorial Arenas, Miami, pp. 171-174, 191,193-197, =
200, 202, 218, 243 ISBN: 0918454964=20
=20
Maso, Calixto C. 1998 Historia De Cuba. 3rd Edition Ediciones Universal. =
Miami ISBN 0897298756 =20
=20
Matos, Huber, 2002. Como llego la Noche. Tusquet Editores, SA, =
Barcelona. ISBN: 8483109441
=20
Mor=C3=A1n Arce, Lucas 1980 La revoluci=C3=B3n cubana, 1953-1959: Una =
versi=C3=B3n rebelde Imprenta Universitaria, Universidad Cat=C3=B3lica; =
ISBN: B0000EDAW9=20
=20
Pirala, Antonio (1895, 1896 and some from 1874) Anales de la Guerra en =
Cuba. Felipe Gonz=C3=A1lez Rojas, Madrid
=20
Rojo del R=C3=ADo, Manuel. 1981 La Historia Cambio En La Sierra. =
Editorial Texto, San Jos=C3=A9, Costa Rica 2a Ed. Aumentada=20
=20
Rodriguez, Felix I. and John Weisman 1989 Shadow Warrior/the CIA Hero of =
a Hundred Unknown Battles Simon & Schuster, New York ISBN: 0671667211
=20
Ros, Enrique 2005 Revolucion de 1933 en Cuba Ediciones Universal, Miami =
ISBN: 1593880472=20
=20
Rowan, Andrew Summers 1896 The island of Cuba; A descriptive and =
historical account of the "Great Antilla." H. Holt and company, ASIN: =
B00086NGHU
=20
Rowan, Andrew Summers 1922 How I carried the message to Garcia W.D. =
Harney ASIN: B00086V3FW
=20
Rubens, Horatio S. 1932 =E2=80=9CLiberty. The Story of Cuba=E2=80=9D AMS =
Press New York, 1970 reprint of 1932 edition. SBN: 404-00633-7=20
=20
Spikes, Daniel 1993 Angola and the Politics of Intervention: From Local =
Bush War to Chronic Crisis in Southern Africa McFarland & Company =
Jefferson, North Carolina and London ISBN: 089950888X
=20
Thomas, Gordon and Max Morgan Witts 1974 Voyage of the Damned Stein and =
Day Publishers; 1st Edition edition (1974) Stein and Day, Briarcliff =
Manor, New York ASIN: B000BKOCGM
=20
Velazquez, Loreta Janeta 1876 (2003 Editor Andrews, William L.)=20
The Woman in Battle (The Civil War Narrative of Loreta Janeta Velazques, =
Cuban Woman and Confederate Soldier). University of Wisconsin Press =
2003 ISBN: 0299194248
=20
Volkman, Ernest 1995 Our man in Havana. Cuban double agents 1961-1987 =
Castro stings the CIA in: Espionage: The Greatest Spy Operations of the =
Twentieth Century Wiley, New York ISBN: 0471161578
=20
=20
For background [[Hugh Thomas]] Cuba or the Pursuit of Freedom =
(Paperback) Da Capo Press; Updated edition (April, 1998) ISBN: =
0306808277) is essential reading although it has a few serious errors. =
For instance, readers are led to believe that the land measure =
Caballer=C3=ADa is 330 acres (about 4,300 hectares) instead of the real =
33 acres (about 430 hectares), thus grossly overstating the size of land =
holdings, with consequential political distortion. Numbers given for =
violent deaths are extremely conservative. Another Thomas book The =
Spanish Civil War (1961) is also worth reading.
[[Category:Espionage]]. =20
=20
Este y otros excelentes art=C3=ADculos del mismo AUTOR aparecen en la=20
REVISTA GUARACABUYA con direcci=C3=B3n electr=C3=B3nica de:
www.amigospais-guaracabuya.org
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<BODY id=3Drole_body style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #000000; =
FONT-FAMILY: Arial"=20
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<DIV><FONT face=3D"Courier New"></FONT> </DIV><FONT =
id=3Drole_document=20
face=3DArial color=3D#000000 size=3D2>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D4><STRONG>Cuban espionage and related extraterritorial=20
activity</STRONG></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D3><STRONG><FONT size=3D5>by</FONT></STRONG> Larry =
Daley</FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D5>Successive versions of this article were placed in Wikipedia by =
=E2=80=9CEl=20
Jig=C3=BCe=E2=80=9D and all were deleted, alleging all kinds of =
=E2=80=9Derrors.=E2=80=9D <SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>This article was inserted =
multiple times=20
to a total of perhaps more than 80 cycles; in this process =E2=80=9CEl =
Jig=C3=BCe=E2=80=9D was banned=20
access to the Wikipedia site twice.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes"> =20
</SPAN>The Wikipedia reviewers were nominally demanding a Neutral Point =
of View,=20
(NPOV) in their terminology; in reality they were demanding deletion of =
whole=20
sections that offended them politically.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes"> =20
</SPAN>This article thus became a test case for use of such as those =
Wikipedia=20
editors to deny the liberties promised by the internet.<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Readers will note that this =
was done=20
despite liberal use of Cuban government sources. </FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D5>Cuba has for long been a place where spies are active, this was =
celebrated in Cuba and after 1960 in the US by Antonio Prohias=E2=80=99 =
comic strip Spy=20
vs Spy [http://www.angelfire.com/hi/SpyVsSpy/].<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>By their very nature such =
secret=20
activities often only come to light when the agents are caught, defect =
or die;=20
thus any historic vision of their actions is usually a kaleidoscope of=20
apparently discontinuous events, re****ted differently by the different=20
antagonists involved.</FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D5>=3D=3DConquest=3D=3D</FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D5>Perhaps the first record of a Cuban spy is that of Oliguama who =
between=20
1522 and 1532</FONT><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> =
</SPAN><FONT face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D5>betrayed and murdered =
his brother=20
the Indigenous rebel leader <SPAN style=3D"mso-bidi-font-family: =
Arial">Guam=C3=A1.=20
According to the oral tradition Oliguama killed Guam=C3=A1 because the =
latter had=20
taken his woman =
</SPAN>[http://freeweb.supereva.com/carlo260/guama.html?p].<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>The death of Guam=C3=A1 and =
the capture and=20
execution of his warrior wife Casiguaya (Maso, 1998) ended major =
Ta=C3=ADno=20
resistance to the Spanish.</FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D5>=3D=3DColonial Period=3D=3D</FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype">During the American Revolutionary War Cuban =
born Jos=C3=A9=20
Eligio de la Fuente spied for George Wa****ngton, and Juan Mirelles who =
met with=20
Patrick Henry for similar tasks (Anton, and Hernandez 2002). During the =
US Civil=20
war the Confederacy employed a Cuban woman, Loreta Janeta Velazquez (aka =
Lieutenant Harry T. Buford) to spy on Union forces (Velazquez, =
1876).<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Thomas Jordan=20
[http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Hills/1850/TJordan.html],=20
[http://members.aol.com/jweaver300/grayson/jordan.htm],
a former United =
States=20
Army officer who became a Confederate colonel, said to have started an =
embryonic=20
spy network in Wa****ngton, D.C. as early as 1860,=20
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War_spies.<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Thomas Jordan later landing =
the Perit=20
Expedition with weapons, supplies and men, and became general in the =
Cuban=20
forces in the Ten Year War, (Antonio Pirala 1874, 1895, 1896; Enamorado, =
1917;=20
Marmol, 1993).<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> =
</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D5>=3D=3DCuban Independence Struggles=3D=3D</FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D5>In subsequent Cuban independence struggles, the Spanish =
Colonial=20
government employed spies and informers inside and outside of Cuba, =
notable the=20
Pinkertons=20
[http://www.irishabroad.com/irishworld/irishamericamag/decjan03/hibernia/=
dynamitejohnnydecjan03.asp]=20
(Rubens, 1932), to try to control Cuban independence activity.<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>US consular re****ts from the =
early=20
1890s, out of Santiago reveal that the US was interested in the =
precision of=20
maritime charts of the area.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> =
</SPAN>Andrew=20
Summers Rowan,=20
[http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/historyonline/chron_spanish_am_war.cfm]=
,=20
[http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/asrowan.htm],=20
[http://americanhistory.si.edu/westpoint/history_4b2.html],=20
[http://www.trivia-library.com/b/military-biography-spanish-american-war-=
lt-andrew-summers-rowan-part-1.htm],=20
[http://hermstrom.tripod.com/rowan.html]
was the silent stealthy =
=E2=80=9Ccarrier=E2=80=9D of=20
the famous =E2=80=9CMessage to Garcia,=E2=80=99=E2=80=99=20
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Message_to_Garcia],=20
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calixto_Garcia],=20
[http://www.spanamwar.com/Garciabio.htm]
(Escalante Beaton, 1946) which =
never=20
existed in written form (Rowan, 1922).<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes"> =20
</SPAN>Rowan, despite having written a history/geography of Cuba (Rowan, =
1896)=20
had never been to the island before, and thus was shadowed, guided and =
protected=20
all the way, via Jamaica by agents of the Cuban Revolutionary Junta =
directed by=20
Jose Marti. <SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Rowan went on =
to fight=20
in the Philippines=20
[http://www.trivia-library.com/b/military-biography-spanish-american-war-=
lt-andrew-summers-rowan-part-2.htm].</FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D5>=3D=3DCuban Republic to 1930s=3D=3D</FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D5>Dominican Republicans and possibly Haitian agents were believed =
involved=20
in the sad =E2=80=9Crace war=E2=80=9D of 1912; and the Kaiser=E2=80=99s =
agents said, but not proven to=20
have been involved, sup****ting the Liberals in the 1917 Chambelona =
revolt.<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>The latter may or may not have =
involved=20
WWI smuggling of large ****pments of Cuban sugar past German =
submarines.<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>These ****pments were =
supposedly to go to=20
Sweden in exchange for Scandinavian cobble stones as the streets around =
of the=20
Havana docks still mutely testify.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes"> =20
</SPAN>However, this much needed sugar went to war bound England. <SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>These ****pments were arranged =
by Mamb=C3=AD=20
Major General Calixto Garc=C3=ADa I=C3=B1iguez=E2=80=99s son, also =
Mamb=C3=AD General Carlos=20
Garc=C3=ADa<SPAN style=3D"mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD"> <SPAN =
lang=3DES-TRAD>V=C3=A9lez=20
</SPAN></SPAN>then Cuban Ambassador to the Court of Saint James. =
</FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype">During the Cuban Republic, in 1925, at the =
beginning of=20
Machado=E2=80=99s legal term, Abraham Semjovitch, code name Fabio =
Grobart=20
[http://www.trabajadores.cubaweb.cu/SUPLEMENTO-HISTORIA/revolucion/fabio.=
htm],=20
[http://foros.abc.es/cgi-local/forosabc/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=3Dprint_topic;=
f=3D14;t=3D003740],=20
[http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2005/08/31/nacional/articulo01.html],=20
[http://www.cartadecuba.org/castro_el_infiel.htm]
a Kremlin Agent helped =
make=20
formal links between the Cuban Communist Party and the Communist=20
International<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> =20
</SPAN>[http://www.cyberpresse.ca/monde/article/article_complet.php?path=3D=
/monde/article/16/1,151,1062,082005,1133013.shtml]=20
PCC.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> =
</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D5>Cuban communist Julio Antonio Mella virulently attacked =
Peru=E2=80=99s V=C3=ADctor=20
Ra=C3=BAl Haya de la Torre.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> =
</SPAN>Mella, a=20
founder of the Cuban Communist party,=20
[http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/cb/cuba/castro/1987/19870823],
was murdered =
in 1929=20
in Mexico a month after being expelled from Central Committee of the =
Communist=20
Part in that country.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>It =
is said=20
[http://www.socialistaction.org/news/200107/tina.html]
that beautiful,=20
photographer, Tina Modotti =
[http://www.cafecancun.com/bookarts/modotti.shtml],=20
his former wife and ruthless communist assassin who was with him when he =
was=20
killed; Tina is believed to have participated in this =
=E2=80=9CStalinist=E2=80=9D plot to=20
eliminate Mella and other sup****ters of Leon Trotsky. </FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D5>Walker Evans (Evans, and Codrescu 2001) sent to Cuba to prepare =
photographs for a book by Carleton Beals has an amazing photograph of a =
1930s=20
Machado informer of =E2=80=98=E2=80=99la ****ra,=E2=80=99=E2=80=99 =
standing in his most elegant white suit=20
watching for the resistance. </FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype">In the 1930s Cuba as much of the rest of =
Latin America=20
was a churning sea in which agents of the Kremlin and the Fascist axis =
fought=20
battles of influence and sometimes blood.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes"> =20
</SPAN>According to this left wing radical journalist Carleton Beals =
(1938) in=20
the late 1920s through the 1930s in a dizzying cycle of attacks and =
alliances=20
the Cuban Communists alternately promoted and verbally attacked a wide=20
assortment of public fibures Augusto C=C3=A9sar Sandino, Gerardo =
Machado, Ram=C3=B3n Grau=20
San Martin, Fulgencio Batista and the apparently non-communist radicals =
of Joven=20
Cuba lead by Antonio Guiteras Holmes (Beals, 1938, <SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Carrillo,=20
1985</SPAN>).<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> =
</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D5>Although termed quiescent, and struggling with its own =
dissidents lead by=20
Leon Trotsky, the Comintern used US communists as agents in Cuba and =
other Latin=20
American countries.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Under =
Grau=E2=80=99s=20
first time in power between 1933 and 1934 Cuban communists took control =
of the=20
Cuban Labor Confederation (Beals, 1938).<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes"> =20
</SPAN>Antonio Guiteras, ally, rival and enemy of Batista, who readily =
advocated=20
violent murder was killed in 1935 and his followers took vengeance (Hugh =
Thomas,=20
1998, Gott, 2004).<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> =
</SPAN>Batista who had=20
order this killing survived.</FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype">Also during the 1930s Francisco Franco =
inserted Fascist=20
organizer Manuel Villanueva into this turbulent Cuban mix (Beals, =
1938).<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>And in the late 1930=E2=80=99s =
the Batista=20
Government had good relations with the Nazi=E2=80=99s to the point of =
decorating Adolph=20
Hitler=E2=80=99s propaganda chief Paul Joseph Goebbels (Beals, 1938); =
this is also very=20
confusing since Batista made alliances of convenience with the =
communists; while=20
Cuban sympathizers of the Spanish republic collected funds (Beals, =
1938).<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D5>=3D=3D1940s =3D=3D</FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D5>The 1940 Leon Trotsky assassination in Mexico which is re****ted =
very=20
differently by the numerous sides involved=20
[http://www.marxist.com/mexico-trotsky-museum240603.htm],=20
[http://www.rotten.com/library/bio/crime/assassins/ramon-mercader/],=20
[http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Ram%F3n+Mercader].
=
Trotsky=E2=80=99s=20
assassin, Jaime [Ram=C3=B3n Mercader], was the son of Eustacia =
Mar=C3=ADa Caridad del R=C3=ADo=20
Hern=C3=A1ndez said to be Cuban [http://firmaspress.com/454.htm],
not as =
commonly=20
thought, Spanish.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Jaime =
Ram=C3=B3n=20
Mercader after release from prison lived and died in Cuba and was buried =
in=20
Russia as Ram=C3=B3n Ivanovich L=C3=B3pez.</FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype">The list of players who appear and disappear =
as Cuba=E2=80=99s=20
spy dramas fold and unfold is long and varied.<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Thus we note the Figueres =
involvement in=20
Cuba spreads from the Cayo Confites matter (see below) to the arms =
supply to the=20
Sierra Maestra where Alfonso Manuel Rojo (=E2=80=9Cthe Che supposedly =
who spied on the=20
=E2=80=9CChe=E2=80=9D Guevara) (1981), pilot Pedro D=C3=ADaz Lanz and a =
number of others=20
[http://www.clarin.com/suplementos/zona/2000/02/13/i-00601e.htm]
all =
have bit=20
parts.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype">Cuba was also scene of German spying intended =
to locate=20
****ps as target for that country's submarine warfare in WW II.<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>This was one of the more =
successful=20
U-boat campaigns with over 23 ****ps sunk per submarine lost (Kelshall, =
1994)=20
suggesting that the Germans for a while had superior intelligence =
sup****t.<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>The book =E2=80=9CVoyage of =
the Damned (Thomas=20
and Witts 1974) describes Otto Ott a dwarf spy who, it seems, was =
surprisingly=20
effective.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Others =
describe Heinz=20
L=C3=BCning=20
[http://www.il.proquest.com/proquest/newsletters/04/historyjan04.shtml]]a=
s a=20
tall handsome, but not very effective, German spy who was captured, =
tried and=20
shot by the Batista government on November 10th 1942.<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Somehow, these Nazi operations =
related=20
to the Care=C3=B1o building in Havana a huge warren-like building which =
served as=20
refuge for delinquents, it had been used in 1933 by [Fulgencio =
Batista]=E2=80=99s forces=20
who suffered heavy losses there in their successful mutiny against their =
officers, and their Olympic rifle team in the Hotel Nacional (Ros, =
2005).<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>The Care=C3=B1o building is =
just across from=20
the Humbolt 7 building where a dramatic drama played out in 1957 (see=20
below).<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Mariano Faget the =
Cuban=20
government senior spy catcher takes the credit for the capture of Heinz=20
L=C3=BCning.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>In Cuba =
Ernest Hemingway=E2=80=99s=20
short lived involvement in these activities=20
[http://www.military.com/Content/MoreContent?file=3DPRhemingway]
seems =
only=20
notable because of his use of Spanish Republican exiles; however =
previously in=20
Spain, Hemingway was considered by some an intellectual captive of the =
Stalinist=20
=E2=80=9CPopular Front=E2=80=9D and one of his minders was said to be =
Herbert Matthews=20
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Matthews]
of the New York Times =
(Koch,=20
2005 p. 217).<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> =
</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in -45pt 0pt 0in"><FONT =
size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in -45pt 0pt 0in"><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D5>Also in the 1940=E2=80=99s Rogelio =
Recio Ram=C3=ADrez, leader=20
of the ephemeral 1933 Mabay Workers Soviet develops the first secret =
cells of=20
what will become the Sierra Maestra covert communist party.<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>These cells engage in agi-prop =
in these=20
mountains among the Guajiros and Montunos.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes"> =20
</SPAN>When Castro takes to the mountains in 1956-1958 these =
super-secret cells,=20
do very little fighting, but provide logistic sup****t and information to =
the=20
pro-Communist factions especially to Ernesto Che Guevara=20
[http://members.aol.com/Guanabacoa/pche.html],
(<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt">Guevara, =
<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">and </SPAN>Waters, (editor)=20
1996)</SPAN>.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>There is a=20
hagiographic sketch of Guevara=E2=80=99s life at=20
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernesto_Che_Guevara].</FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype">Fidel Castro himself was a player in these =
activities=20
long before reaching power.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> =
</SPAN>He was=20
active in the 1948 Bogotazo in Colombia and commonly thought, since he =
was said=20
to be the last non-Colombian to see Gait=C3=A1n alive, somehow involved =
in the=20
killing of Liberal Party Cacique and presidential candidate Jorge =
Eli=C3=A9cer Gait=C3=A1n=20
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Eli%C3%A9cer_Gait%C3%A1n],=20
[http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/gaitan/gaitancastro.htm].<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>There Castro=E2=80=99s ally =
was Rafael del Pino=20
Siero, a naturalized US citizen who would be jailed and apparently =
strangled by=20
agents of his former ally.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> =
</SPAN>Rafael=20
del Pino Siero should not be confused with the Rafael del Pino =
D=C3=ADaz, a pilot at=20
the =E2=80=9C[Bay of Pigs];=E2=80=9D to complicate matters further each =
Rafael del Pino had a=20
son with the same name.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> =
</SPAN>It is said=20
that Castro in 1948 on return from Bogota, Colombia and Fabio Grobart =
make=20
contact [http://www.cartadecuba.org/castro_el_infiel.htm]
and supposedly =
Castro=20
is recruited as an agent.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> =20
</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D5>Castro was involved, apparently as a minor player, in part of =
the aborted=20
=E2=80=9CCayo Confites=E2=80=9D 1947 and 1949 affairs (Ameringer, 1995), =
which was a massive=20
Caribbean Legion plot to overthrow General Rafael Leonidas Trujillo, =
Dictator of=20
the Dominican Republic, and which involved much equipment, including =
about 20,=20
light, trans****t and attack aircraft which was confiscated and later =
transferred=20
to the Cuban armed forces=20
[http://www.nocastro.com/documents/aviacion/aviacion5.htm].</FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D5>=3D=3DCuban Republic 1950s=3D=3D</FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in -45pt 0pt 0in"><FONT =
size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype">Raul Castro is said to have been trained in =
Prague by=20
Soviet Agents in early 1952 (Fermoselle, 1992; Andrew and Mitrokhin, =
2005)=20
[http://www.thestatesman.net/page.news.php?clid=3D30&id=3D94280].
=
<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in -45pt 0pt 0in"><FONT =
size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in -45pt 0pt 0in"><FONT =
size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in -45pt 0pt 0in"><FONT =
size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype">Eutimio Guerra, described variously as a =
member of the=20
=E2=80=9CPartido Orthodoxo,=E2=80=9D political organizer and =
=E2=80=9Cagrarian reformer=E2=80=9D played a major=20
role, along with Celia S=C3=A1nchez, =E2=80=9CLalo=E2=80=9D =
Sardi=C3=B1as, Crescencio P=C3=A9rez, Manuel=20
Fajardo, and Guillermo Garc=C3=ADa in sup****ting the Castro forces =
immediately after=20
the disastrous 1956 landings (Mor=C3=A1n Arce, 1980; Fuentes 2004).<SPAN =
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Apparently then major Joaquin =
Casillas=20
Lumpuy and even Fulgencio Batista considered Guerra the major =
=E2=80=9Cagrarian=20
reformer=E2=80=9D and opponent in the early stages of the guerrilla war =
(Mor=C3=A1n Arce,=20
1980).<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>The term =
=E2=80=9Cagrarian reformer=E2=80=9D=20
was used by both =E2=80=9Cliberals=E2=80=9D such as Walter Duranty, =
<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes"> </SPAN>[http://www.aim.org/aim_column/A2459_0_3_0_C/],=20
and <SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Senator Joseph =
McCarthy to=20
excuse or denounce communist leanings=20
[http://www.antiwar.com/stromberg/s041001.html];
locally in these Cuban=20
mountains agrarian reformers were commonly considered =
=E2=80=9Ccommunists.=E2=80=9D<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in -45pt 0pt 0in"><FONT =
size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in -45pt 0pt 0in"><FONT =
size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in -45pt 0pt 0in"><FONT =
size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype">It is not clear whether in reality Eutimio =
Guerra=20
belonged to these secret communist cells, what seems apparent he was =
captured=20
and turned by Batista operatives, became a Batista agent, and then =
discovered=20
and said executed by friend and fellow rebel Ciro Fr=C3=ADas (Mor=C3=A1n =
Arce, 1980) or by=20
the =E2=80=9CChe=E2=80=9D (Fuentes, 2004). <SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes"> </SPAN>All this=20
became part of the first purge of Castro forces in the Sierra as is =
narrated in=20
a partisan way by Guevara, Ernesto =E2=80=9CChe=E2=80=9D (1996).<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>The Batista spy masters in =
this matter=20
included Joaquin Casillas Lumpuy and Manuel de Jes=C3=BAs Casallas Manso =
chief of=20
Batista Military Intelligence in Oriente Province (Mor=C3=A1n Arce, =
1980).<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Casillas Lumpuy was executed =
by the Che=20
Guevara at the end of the war=20
[http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/che/che-executed.htm].
<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in -45pt 0pt 0in; tab-stops: =
315.0pt"><FONT=20
size=3D5><FONT face=3D"Palatino =
Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in -45pt 0pt 0in; tab-stops: =
315.0pt"><FONT=20
size=3D5><FONT face=3D"Palatino =
Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in -45pt 0pt 0in"><FONT =
size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype">The communist cells in the Sierra Maestra =
worked to=20
oppose the non-Communist rebel factions of Frank Pa=C3=ADs=20
[http://www.hup.harvard.edu/pdf/SWEINS_excerpt.pd]
and Huber Matos=20
[http://www.cubanet.org/CNews/y04/mar04/30o5.htm]
(Matos, 2002).<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in -45pt 0pt 0in"><FONT =
size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in -45pt 0pt 0in"><FONT =
size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in -45pt 0pt 0in"><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype" size=3D5>All this relates to weapon supply to =
Castro in=20
the Sierra, via Frank Sturgis (putative agent of the CIA and "burglar" =
in=20
Watergate), Jos=C3=A9 Figueres Ferrer (past President of Costa Rica)=20
[http://www.infocostarica.com/history/figueres.html],=20
[http://www.elespiritudel48.org/55/h5505.htm],=20
[http://www.elespiritudel48.org/docu/h100.htm]
and the Caribbean Legion=20
(Ameringer, 1995) [http://www.elespiritudel48.org/docu/h124.htm],=20
[http://www.elespiritudel48.org/docu/h083.htm],=20
[http://www.provincias.com.do/cultura/ramirezalcantara.htm].
</FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"><FONT size=3D5>Norberto Fuentes (2004) states =
that=20
Batista=E2=80=99s military intelligence =E2=80=9CSIM=E2=80=9D colonel =
Antonio Blanco Rico killed by=20
urban rebels of the non-Castro =E2=80=9CDirectorio=E2=80=9D=20
[http://www.contactocuba.com/Drluis2.htm],=20
[http://www.almamater.cu/re****taje/pagina/maxlesnik.htm],=20
[http://www.autentico.org/oa09658.php]
was a secret communist party =
member and=20
that this was known to Castro, who regretted his death.<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Now wheels within =
wheels, smoke=20
and mirrors, Mariano Faget this same spy catcher was charged with =
hunting=20
communists in Batista=E2=80=99s second dictator****p (1952-1959).<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>However, Faget apparently =
convinced=20
Captain Est=C3=A9ban Ventura (see below for fictional version as =
Capitain Segura) to=20
catch mostly non-communists; somehow letting communist party members =
such as=20
<SPAN style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Onaney Mu=C3=B1iz</SPAN>=20
[http://www.google.com/search?q=3Dcache:sQuHxMHek6AJ:www.cubasolar.cu/ins=
tituciones/fnj/editorial]=20
were let go.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>. This was =
also the=20
case in the Humbolt 7 killings April 7, 1957=20
[http://www.jrebelde.cubaweb.cu/2004/abril-junio/abr-21/homenaje.html].<S=
PAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>It would seem that in return =
the Cuban=20
communists would inform on rivals of Castro; thus Batista=E2=80=99s =
forces always seemed=20
to know where they were going to be attacked.<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Such betrayals seems to have =
been a=20
factor in the bloody endings of the Corynthia expedition=20
[http://www.autentico.org/oa09186.php].=20
[http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/cuban-rebels/corynthia.htm]
and the =
attack=20
on the</FONT><B><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> </SPAN></B><FONT =
size=3D5><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Goicur=C3=ADa</SPAN> barracks=20
[http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/goicuria-garrison.htm],[http://www.a=
ngelfire.com/tn/tiempos/mundo/texto74.html].<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Those who escaped, Humbolt 7 =
before=20
their companions were killed included Marcos Rodr=C3=ADguez Alfonso, =
(Marquitos) and=20
Ra=C3=BAl D=C3=ADaz Arg=C3=BCelles.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes"> </SPAN>Marquitos was=20
later executed April 18 1964 on at Castro=E2=80=99s orders when his =
betrayal of his=20
friends became public=20
[http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/cuba/marcos-rodriguez-3-23-1964.pdf]=
,=20
[http://kubanos.com/efemerides/verDia.asp?dia=3D18&mes=3D4].<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Ra=C3=BAl D=C3=ADaz =
Arg=C3=BCelles of course was the=20
first Cuban general to die in 1977 Angola (see Fermoselle=20
1992).</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype">Thus it could mean or could not mean that =
Faget the=20
elder, was a double agent as his son (also named Mariano Faget) seems to =
have=20
been [http://intellit.muskingum.edu/spycases_folder/faget.html],=20
[http://www.jonathanpollard.org/cuba.htm].<SPAN
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes"> =20
</SPAN>Naturally this accusation against Faget junior is denied as is =
customary=20
in such cases by his alleged superiors in the Cuban government,=20
[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/649226.stm].<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D5>This circumstance is reflected in the literature, for instance =
=E2=80=9COur Man=20
in Havana=E2=80=9D by Graham Greene (1958)=20
[http://members.tripod.com/~greeneland/havana.htm],
Greene apparently=20
anticipated the [Cuba Missile Crisis] and used Batista=E2=80=99s elegant =
goon Esteban=20
Ventura Nova as his model for Capitan Segura.<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>However, it is wise to recall =
that=20
Graham Greene, who had worked under the direction of double agent Kim =
Philby,=20
was well experienced in real spy games and like most Cubans of the time, =
strongly disliked Batista and sympathized with Fidel Castro.<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>However, unlike many Cubans he =
did not=20
alter his views with time.</FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype">If Herbert Matthews of the New York Times was =
as much a=20
=E2=80=9Cplayer=E2=80=9D as Koch, 2005 (p. 217 and subsequent pages) =
writes then certainly=20
Castro=E2=80=99s emergence as the major figure in the resistance to =
Fulgencio Batista=20
owes at in great part to the exaggerated news re****ts=20
[http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/cuban-rebels/matthews.htm],=20
[http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/cuban-rebels/NYT-6-9-57.htm],=20
[http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/cuba-rev-57.htm]
of this promoter =
of the=20
Soviet organized Popular Fronts of the 1930=E2=80=99s; and thus =
Batista=E2=80=99s statements=20
that Castro was a =E2=80=9Cred=E2=80=9D were ignored=20
[http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/fidel/castro-red.htm],
until too =
late.<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Left leaning US <SPAN=20
class=3Darticlecontent>Assistant Secretary of State for Latin American =
Affairs=20
William Weiland, who it is said had much to do with the rise of Batista =
in 1933,=20
is rumored to have had much to do with this too=20
[http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2003/4/23/170146.shtml]</SPAN><=
/FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D5>=3D=3DCastro in Power=3D=3D</FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype">In the Castro era this matter intelligence =
and spying=20
has elicited an enormous amount of often conflicting published and web=20
material.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Cuban =
intelligence blames=20
Cuban exiles for the Kennedy assassination (<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: =
bold">Escalante,=20
1995</SPAN>), =
[http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKescalante.htm].<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>However, since the Cuban =
government has=20
an extreme interest in this circumstance and credible well informed =
witnesses=20
including Lyndon Johnson assign most probable blame to Castro for this =
the=20
mystery is nowhere near resolved as Kennedy assassination theories live =
and,=20
grow.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D5>In the early days of the Castro take over Trotskyites agents =
still=20
struggled for control with more orthodox Stalinists=20
[http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/isr/vol24/no2/vitale.htm];=
=20
eventually is seems that Castro=E2=80=99s brand of =
=E2=80=9Cstalinist=E2=80=9D communism won out, and an=20
Escalante, Fabian Escalante gained control of the Cuban =
=E2=80=9Csecurity apparatus=E2=80=9D=20
[<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; =
mso-bidi-font-style: italic">1959-62</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"> =
(1995)=20
</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Fabian Escalante=20
</SPAN>ttp://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKescalante.htm]</FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype">What is certain is that Castro and his agents =
cast a=20
big shadow in the Cold War (Volkman,1995).<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes"> =20
</SPAN>Castro=E2=80=99s enemies or rivals honorable=20
[http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/gringosintherevolution/gringosintherevolut=
ion.htm#delpino]=20
and dishonorable often died mysterious violent deaths.<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>The =E2=80=9CHoney =
trap=E2=80=9D is considered a=20
standard technique on the island; and many visitors from clergymen =
(including a=20
certain young rabbi) to film actors are reputed to have been subject to =
this=20
technique.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> =
</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype">Philip Agee CIA defector=20
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Agee],
resigned in 1969, and who =
was to=20
reveal the identities of many CIA operatives, was welcomed by Cuban =
intelligence=20
and now lives on the island.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> =
</SPAN>Cuban=20
operatives and Cuban regulars did battle against US allies and US =
interests=20
especially in Latin America acting as surrogates for USSR intelligence =
(Andrew=20
and Gordievsky 1990; Rodriguez and Weisman 1989).<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>A particularly good source is =
Rafael=20
Fermoselle (1992), who describes actions and spy masters.<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Fermoselle describes <SPAN =
lang=3DES-TRAD=20
style=3D"mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD">Ramiro (Ramirito) Valdez =
Men=C3=A9ndez and Jos=C3=A9=20
Abrantes Fern=C3=A1ndez</SPAN>, as Castro=E2=80=99s chief spy =
masters.<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Aside from the well known =
interventions=20
in Nicaragua [http://www.fas.org/irp/congress/1989_cr/h890412-cuba.htm],
=
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front#Cuban_=
assistance],=20
(Dickey, 1986) and El Salvador =
[http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v03/v03p129_Konkin.html]=20
there were a myriad of other operations.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes"> =20
</SPAN>For instance Castro's bodyguard Antonio Briones Montoto, son of =
Dr.=20
Newton Briones a Autentico politician and activist, was killed during a =
landing=20
at Machurucuto Venezuela on May 8th 1967=20
[http://www.lanuevacuba.com/archivo/rafael-del-pino-24.htm].<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Briones, whose girl friend =
Urselia D=C3=ADaz=20
B=C3=A1ez had blown up while placing a bomb in the bathroom of a crowded =
theater in=20
1957 during the war against Batista, was survived in this adventure by =
activist=20
Ulises Rosales del Toro, the later general and still later executed =
Arnaldo=20
Ochoa, hero of Castro=E2=80=99s African campaigns and the present Cuban =
minister of the=20
Interior Abelardo Colom=C3=A9 Ibarra [<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: =
bold">http://www.cubanet.org/CNews/y05/feb05/09a8.htm</SPAN>].<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D5>Haydee Tamara Bunke Bider, the famous Tania,=20
[http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/40/123.html],=20
[http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/mujer/mujer7.htm],=20
[http://www.discoverthenetwork.org/individualProfile.asp?indid=3D2054]
=
lover and=20
said unintended betrayer of the Ernesto Che Guevara (Anderson, 1997; =
Rodriguez=20
and Weisman, 1989) was killed in Bolivia and is buried in =
Cuba.</FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D5>The Venezuelan and Bolivian circumstances were full of spying =
Cuban=20
trawlers and assassinations in the Ernesto =E2=80=9CChe=E2=80=9D =
Guevara=E2=80=99s aftermath=20
[http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/johnsonlb/xxxi/36337.htm].</FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype">Somehow this relates to the apparent sabotage =
of=20
'''Cubana Flight 455''' was a Douglas DC-8 departing from [[Barbados]] =
to=20
Cuba.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>On October 6, 1976 =
two bombs=20
were said planted on the aircraft exploded, which killing all 73 people =
on=20
board. The dead included the Cuban-army fencing team, Cuban officials =
and North=20
Korean and Guyanese citizens=20
[http://granmai.cubaweb.com/ingles/2005/octubre/juev6/42barbados.html].<S=
PAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>A study of the passenger list=20
[http://www.bnjm.cu/librinsula/2004/octubre/40/documentos/documento138.ht=
m]=20
suggests that North Koreans were =E2=80=9Ccultural attaches=E2=80=9D a =
usual cover for=20
intelligence operatives, and that the Cuban officials were =
=E2=80=9Ccommissars=E2=80=9D from the=20
Cuban shrimp fleet which often was employed for =E2=80=9Cother=E2=80=9D =
tasks including=20
incursions near Venezuela.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> =
</SPAN>More on=20
the Venezuelan matter can be found at=20
[http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/johnsonlb/xxxi/36337.htm],=20
[http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/guerrilla/machurucuto.htmor].<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in -9pt 0pt 0in"><FONT =
size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype">Elsewhere similar actions were =
undertaken.<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>In Africa, in Angola=20
[http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/cb/cuba/castro/1988/19881129.3]
and Ethiopia =
[http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-4538.html]<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>(Spikes, 1993) there were tank =
battles.=20
In Grenada, in the Caribbean, Cuban and US forces actually entered into =
combat=20
[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/reagan/peopleevents/pande07.html].
In =
Vietnam=20
Cuban engineers help build the Ho Chi Min trail=20
[http://www.nationalalliance.org/cuba/benge3.htm],
and Cuban =
intelligence=20
harshly interrogated US prisoners=20
[http://www.fiu.edu/~fcf/warcrimes.cuba.vietnam.html],=20
[http://www.fiu.edu/~fcf/lcoh.html],=20
[http://www.veteranscava.org/air%20force%20colonel.htm].<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Cuban tankers secretly fought =
the=20
Israelis (Fermoselle,1992; Dayan, 1976).<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes"> =20
</SPAN>When the Soviet Union stopped supplying funding much of this =
ceased for a=20
while, and the recently concluded Filiberto Ojeda Rios affair in Puerto =
Rico=20
[[http://www.wa****ngtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/28/AR20050=
92802077.html?nav=3Drss_nation/special]]=20
relates to this time frame.<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> =20
</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3D5><FONT=20
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT =
face=3D"Palatino Linotype"=20
size=3D5>However, more recently Cuban intelligence is once more active =
in the US=20
as agents such as Ana Belen Montes=20
[ |
