On May 6, 12:30 pm, bejah <bejah.derv...@[EMAIL PROTECTED]
> wrote:
> On Mar 25, 2:22 pm, jackie <jackie.smith1...@[EMAIL PROTECTED]
> wrote:> Science
Ne=
ws
>
> > Share Blog Cite
>
> IronGets Into The North Pacific In Unexpected Ways, Will Impact
> Climate Change Predictions
>
> ScienceDaily (Mar. 24, 2008) -- Most oceanographers have assumed
> that,
> in the areas of the world's oceans known as High Nutrient, Low
> Chlorophyll (HNLC) regions, theironneeded to fertilize infrequent
> plankton blooms comes almost entirely from wind-blown dust.
>
>
>
> > Phoebe Lam and James Bishop of the Earth Sciences Division at the
> > Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have now
> > shown that in the North Pacific, at least, it just ain't so.
>
> > Lam, a biogeochemist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and a
> > guest at Berkeley Lab, and Bishop, an Earth Sciences oceanographer and
> > professor in the Department of Earth and Planetary Science at the
> > University of California at Berkeley, re****t that the key source
ofironi=
n the Western North Pacific is not dust but the volcanic
> > continental margins of the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Kuril Islands.
>
> > Understanding the origins, trans****t mechanisms, and fate of naturally
> > occurringironin high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll surface waters is
> > im****tant in calculating climate change.
>
> > For example, artificialiron-fertilizationschemes, although based on
> > inadequately tested assumptions, hope to reduce greenhouse gases by
> > stimulating plankton blooms to suck carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
> > and store it in the oceans.
>
> > It'sironthat enables phytoplankton to use nitrate; without it the
> > plants are denied access to often substantial nitrogen sources in HNLC
> > regions, of which the Subarctic North Pacific is one of three major
> > such regions in the world.
>
> > "In the open ocean, the bio pump wants to grab all theironit can,"
> > says Bishop.
>
> > "There were two recognized natural sources ofironout there,
> > atmospheric dust and upwelling from below. Where we've looked in the
> > North Pacific, we're seeing a new and im****tant third source, the
> > continental margins. The rules for the role ofironin the ocean
> > carbon cycle need to be revised."
>
> > The wind-blown-dust theory ofironfertilizationhad no direct
> > evidentiary sup****t until Jim Bishop himself made the first
> > observation of dust in action
>
> . In the spring of 2001, two robotic Carbon Explorer floats recorded
> the rapid growth of phytoplankton in the upper layers of the North
> Pacific Ocean after a passing storm had depositediron-rich dust from
> the Gobi Desert. The Carbon Explorers had been designed by Bishop
> with
> colleagues at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography; their
> measurements, radioed back to him by satellite, marked the first time
> wind-blown terrestrial dust had been recorded fertilizing the growth
> of aquatic plant life.
>
>
>
> > morehttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/03/080319121816.htm
>
> John Martin (1935-1993)
> by John Weier
>
> John Martin
>
> A little over ten years ago at a lecture at the Woods Hole
> Oceanographic Institution, oceanographer John Martin stood up and said
> in his best Dr. Strangelove accent, =93Give me a half tanker ofiron,
> and I will give you an ice age.=94
>
> These inflammatory words centered around a theory known as theiron
> hypothesis.
>
> Martin professed that by sprinkling a relatively small amount ofiron
> into certain areas of the ocean, known as high-nutrient, low-
> chlorophyll zones (HNLCs), one could create large blooms of those
> unicellular aquatic plants commonly known as algae.
>
> If enough of these HNLC zones were fertilized withiron, he believed
> the growth in algae could take in so much carbon from the atmosphere
> that they could reverse the greenhouse effect and cool the Earth.
>
> Martin=92s theory sparked a tremendous debate. Unlike most of the
> unusual, somewhat esoteric theories that float about the scientific
> community at any given time, Martin=92s idea had teeth.
>
> It could be tested and it had the potential to impact the world on a
> short time scale.
>
> Many of Martin=92s contem****aries reacted strongly by claiming hisiron
> hypothesis was ill founded. They felt that his =93Geritol=94 solution to
> climate change was careless and hazardous for the environment.
> Cor****ations and even some countries, however, embraced the idea. They
> saw Martin=92s results as a way to reduce the effects of their own
> carbon dioxide and bring themselves within the emissions standards set
> up by the proposed Kyoto Protocol. Meanwhile, the press ****trayed
> Martin as a renegade scientist that came out of nowhere with a mission
> to prove everyone wrong, calling him =93Johnny Ironseed=94 and
=93IronMan.=
=94
>
> Martin, a burly, bearded oceanographer with an iconoclastic streak and
> wry sense of humor, reveled in the controversy and didn=92t back down.
>
> He stuck to his hypothesis to the end. Several months after his death
> in 1993, the theory was proven to be correct by his colleagues at the
> Moss Landing Marine Laboratories. They spread anironsolution into an
> HNLC zone near the Galapagos Islands and algae bloomed.
>
> While the success of this contested experiment established Martin=92s
> legacy, it also overshadowed his earlier work. And there was more to
> Martin than just this one theory. Theironhypothesis came to him only
> at the end of a rich life and a prestigious career in oceanography,
> and it was just one in a long series of discoveries Martin and his
> colleagues made.
>
> In fact, Martin was among the first scientists to successfully test
> and catalog a wide range of trace metals in the Earth=92s oceans. He
> also demonstrated that copper and zinc could affect measurements of
> phytoplankton (algae) growth. With regards to the global climate,
> Martin=92s experiments into the amounts of carbon drawn into the seas by
> algae formed the basis for many of the current large-scale efforts to
> understand the ocean=92s role in the Earth=92s carbon budget. Throughout
> his career, Martin was a scientist with strong instincts, convictions,
> and ideas that altered forever how scientists regard the Earth=92s
> oceans.
>
> next: Personal
lifehttp://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/Giants/Martin/=
>
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=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
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>
> Ironfertilization
> From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
>
> Ironfertilizationis the intentional introduction ofironto the
> upper ocean to increase the marine food chain and to sequester carbon
> dioxide from the atmosphere [1]. It involves encouraging the growth of
> marine phytoplankton blooms by physically distributing
microscopicironpart=
icles in otherwise nutrient-rich, butiron-deficient blue
> ocean waters. An increasing number of ocean labs, scientists and
> businesses are exploring it as a means to revive declining plankton
> populations, restore healthy levels of marine productivity and/or
> sequester millions of tons of CO2 to slow down global warming. Since
> 1993, ten international research teams have completed relatively
> small-
> scale ocean trials demonstrating the effect.
Lake Eyre in South Australia{ see pics } is a very good natural
"experiment" that tests the Iron Theory cure for global warming
Take note how it is usually a white dry lake in a red desert , that
fills occasionally with red water after rain , then turns green and
explodes into life as algae grow and fish eat the algae until the
water turns blue when all the iron is sucked up and removed via algae
>. fish >. birds >, pelicans , then dry out to a snow white dry lake
in a red desert again , until next rain
Adding iron / old tin cans will not only cure global warming by
removing the carbon from the air as the green algae grows , it will
fed the world ten times over as we eat all the extra fish, like the
millions of pelicans harvest the fish , they remove the iron to grow
millions of baby pelicans , {see pics}, eat the vast numbers of fish
that grow in Lake Eyre when it floods
Check out the links on Lake Eyre floods , spread the word , adding old
tin cans to the sea will cure global warming for free
Water catchment basin feeding Lake Eyre,
http://www.lebmf.gov.au/agreement/images/map.jpg
http://www.lebmf.gov.au/basin/images/map2.jpg
Lake Eyre after 2000 floods , 10,000 sq km inland sea , flooded with
red waters
http://gallery.photo.net/photo/151915-md.jpg
Millions of birds arrive within weeks
http://gallery.photo.net/photo/151915-md.jpg
http://bird.net.au/bird/images/9/92/Lake_Hart.jpg
A million Pelicans must eat something ,
http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Programs/Omnimax/Australia/Ima...
a_3s.jpg
http://www.epa.qld.gov.au/environment/park/cyberrangers/archives/dese...
ridflo1.jpg
=2E
What is turning the lake GREEN ? =3D algae , what do you suppose the
pelicans are eating , and why are they so attracted to green water if
its bad
=2E
http://www.wrightsair.com.au/lake%20eyre%20pelicans%2002aug07.jpg
Lake Eyre itself lies 15 metres below sea level, and usually contains
only salt. In flood years it fills and for a short time undergoes an
period of rapid growth and fertility: long-dormant marine creatures
multiply and millions of waterbirds arrive to feed and raise their
young before the waters eva****ate once more.
=2E
FISH ???
The Barcoo grunter, Scortum barcoo, is a freshwater finfish native to
the Lake Eyre and Bulloo-Bancannia catchments. The natural habitat of
the barcoo grunter includes the low gradient rivers and creeks of the
Lake Eyre Catchment. Waters are generally highly turbid and have a
wide temperature and conductivity range.
=2E
Jade perch have been re****ted to reach 450 g after 4 months and 800 g
in 7 months from an advanced fingerling size. Maximum densities are
usually about 40-50 kg per cubic metre.,production of 5 to 10 tonnes
per hectare is attainable.
http://www2.dpi.qld.gov.au/fishweb/14076.html
What colour do you think the water is as it floods Lake Eyre ?
http://www.benedictine.org.au/Flooded%20road%20near%20Beltana%202.JPG
Red dust every where , except on Lake Eyre after algae suck up every
molecule of Iron
http://www.verkuil.biz/Pictures/2007Australia/Aus008.jpg
A
Satelite pictures of Lake Eyre , showing algae growth after floods
http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/HPDOCS/misr/misr_images/lake_eyre.jpg
Thousands of pelicans arrive soon after floods , notice colour of
water , why after servral months is the lake white again , why is it
not red like all around ? algae ate the iron , every last molecule of
iron =3D sucked up by algae =3D eaten by small fish =3D. eaten by pelicans
, who leave when there are no more fish
http://www.smh.com.au/ffximage/2007/04/08/pelicans9407_wideweb__470x3...
=2E
The various sorts of algae play significant roles in aquatic ecology.
Microscopic forms that live suspended in the water column
(phytoplankton) provide the food base for most marine food chains.
In very high densities (so-called algal blooms) these algae may
discolor the water and outcompete, poison, or asphyxiate other life
forms.
Seaweeds grow mostly in shallow marine waters, however some have been
recorded to a depth of 300 m.[4]Some are used as human food or
harvested for useful substances such as agar, carrageenan, or
fertilizer.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algae
=2E
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