On 17 Mar, 12:42, b...@[EMAIL PROTECTED]
(B1ackwater) wrote:
> CNN
> LIMA, Peru (AP) -- Archaeologists have discovered the ruins of an
> ancient temple, roadway and irrigation systems at a famed fortress
> overlooking theIncacapital of Cuzco, according to officials involved
> with the dig.
>
> The temple on the periphery of the Sacsayhuaman fortress casts added
> light on pre-Incacultures of Peru, showing that the site had
> religious as well as military aims, according to researchers.
>
> It includes 11 rooms thought to have held mummies and idols, lead
> archaeologist Oscar Rodriguez told The Associated Press.
>
> The team of archaeologists that made the discoveries believes the
> structures predated theIncaempire but were then significantly
> developed and expanded.
>
> "It's from both theIncaand pre-Incacultures; it has a sequence,"
> Wa****ngton Camacho, director of the Sacsayhuaman Archaeological Park,
> told the AP on Thursday. "The Incas entered and changed the form of
> the temple, as it initially had a more rustic architecture."
>
> Archaeologists are still waiting for carbon dating tests, but Camacho
> said their calculations about the facilities' age are sup****ted by
> historical references such as ceramics and construction style.
>
> Previous carbon-14 dating of Sacsayhuaman revealed that the Killke
> culture constructed the fortress in the 1100s, said Peruvian
> archaeologist Luis Lumbreras, former director of Peru's National
> Culture Institute and an expert on Cuzco's pre-Incan cultures. He was
> not involved in the dig.
>
> The Killke occupied the region from 900 to 1200 A.D., prior to the
> arrival of the Incas.
>
> - - - - -
>
> =A0 =A0Mesopotamia, Indus valley, Cathay, Egypt, S.America ...
> =A0 =A0it seems that "civilization" with all the usual trimmings
> =A0 =A0is a hidden 'emergent property' of humanity. Once some
> =A0 =A0critical mass ofpeoplecome together, random collections
> =A0 =A0of tribally-organized hunter-gatherers and dirt farmers
> =A0 =A0suddenly, rapidly, transform - producing technologically-
> =A0 =A0advanced civilzations with a suprisingly similar "look & feel".
> =A0 =A0The similarity of the pattern and 'look & feel' suggest a
> =A0 =A0genetic, 'hard-wired', factor.
>
> =A0 =A0But where did this 'super-organization' capacity COME from ?
> =A0 =A0What kept it alive, but unexpressed, over hundreds of thousands
> =A0 =A0of years until critical population densities were reached ?
>
> =A0 =A0Or, has it always been there, excess capability, but merely
> =A0 =A0seen as the usual heirarchical social organization of small
> =A0 =A0groups ? But why the over-capacity ? Why not JUST ENOUGH
> =A0 =A0organizing capacity to handle the usual small groups which
> =A0 =A0were the norm during the vast majority of sapiens-sapiens
> =A0 =A0roughly 200,000 year existence ?
>
> =A0 =A0Or were there ice-age supercultures too, environments
> =A0 =A0that would have favored and honed superorganizational
> =A0 =A0genetics ? With smallish populations, most would bave
> =A0 =A0been on seashores and major rivers ... drowned when the
> =A0 =A0glaciers melted, the remains now hundreds of feet below
> =A0 =A0current sea level. And our immediate 'cousins' - the
> =A0 =A0neanderthals and Heidelbergensis - did they also posess
> =A0 =A0social superorganizational abilities ? Perhaps even
> =A0 =A0a few bona-fide 'civilizations' also obliterated by
> =A0 =A0the ice and its later melting ? Dredging of the sea
> =A0 =A0floor, especially in the Med, may one day bring up
> =A0 =A0relics - deep under the water and especially the MUD
> =A0 =A0caused by glacial-melt floods.
>
> =A0 =A0It clearly doesn't take all THAT manypeopleto create
> =A0 =A0the 'critical mass' which spawns civilization-as-we-
> =A0 =A0know-it with buildings, math, writing, astronomy,
> =A0 =A0moderate technology and such. No reason such critical
> =A0 =A0m***** didn't happen time and again ... creating
> =A0 =A0history before what we know as history ... the bits
> =A0 =A0and pieces pulverized and scattered by relentless
> =A0 =A0forces of the ice. No, nothing like the nutty
> =A0 =A0elaborations of Platos 'Atlantis' with exotic metals
> =A0 =A0and modernistic tech, but 'regular' towns and cities
> =A0 =A0of wood and mud-bricks.
I have read your article and it is very interesting
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